Anglo American PLC in South Africa Essay

1. The pros would be: a) The early adoption strategy of ART can help the company to prevent and combat the spread of the disease not only on its workforce but also the populations of surrounding communities. This early initiative can also help to prevent further loss in operating expenses and declining workers’ productivity in the company. b) Anglo American became a de facto leader in the private-sector fight against HIV/AIDS in Africa. It also became a trendsetter for other MNEs to follow suit such as Coke, Ford, and Colgate-Palmolive. c) Received positive reactions and approval from WHO, the Global Business Council on HIV/AIDS, and a host of other NGOs. d) Became a socially responsible company in the global market. This comprehensive program reflects that Anglo American has a good intention on protecting the rights of infected workers. e) The program might have a bright future, as 95% have responded well to the treatment and are working productively. f) The gradual change in the South African government’s view towards HIV/AIDS can further on help Anglo American to combat this national wide epidemic issue of the disease. The cons would be: a) The company had to bear outrageous amount of operating costs to combat this issue, with an estimated $4,000 per employee when the company typically offers $830 for wages and benefits per employee. b) There is a 15% level of non-adherence from the workers who are enrolled in the program and due to harsh working conditions make it hard for workers to take medications on time or to deal with side effects. c) Pressures and oppositions from various constituencies such as the South African government, political leaders, and CEO Brian Gillbertson of BHP Billiton who all thought that the program was not efficient. South Africa’s prime minister uttered the initative as a â€Å"vigilante† move designed to place unreasonable burdens on the government. Recommendations: Anglo American should cut down on major costs to support the program in order prevent further waste of money since it can cost 7.2% of the company’s wage bill. Provide only to those who need to be treated and who can adhere to the program. Anglo American should also seek support from WHO and other international humanitarian organizations, and the South African government with the objective of a great cause for the South Africans. Also try to cooperate with pharmaceutical companies who can sell antiretroviral drugs at a subsidized rate. All of these actions should help maintain the image of the company in the global market. 2. Since migrant workers in South Africa account for about four-fifth of the total workforce, it would not be a strategic decision to adopt the policy of not hiring migrant workers. This policy can also have negative impacts on the company’s image, since it is a pretty discriminatory policy and can cause unequal treatments to workers. Therefore, Anglo American should still hire migrant workers because there are a lot of workers needed to work in the mine site. Switching policies regarding whom to hire will only further increase operating costs. 3. Pharmaceutical companies play a big role in responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa. Since GlaxoSmithKline can sell antiretroviral drugs to Anglo American at 1/10th of the market price in industrialized world, other pharmaceutical companies should be able to do so in order to safe the lives of millions of people. The South African government should cooperate with these pharmaceutical companies since the government itself has started implementing National Strategic Plan for combating HIV/AIDS. This will allow pharmaceutical companies to enter in B2B deals with the government and companies who care for their employees’ health. For the poor enforcement of patent rights, Pharmaceutical companies should enter into an agreement with the South African government that these rights will be protected otherwise cooperation between parties will not take place. There should be strict policies and courses of actions to tackle infringement of patent rights. Pharmaceutical companies should also invest more in R&D to create drugs for HIV/AIDS that can save the lives of people. 4. South African government should not 100% implement aggressive policies that were conducted in Brazil and Thailand mainly due to differences in political, economic, legal, cultural conditions, these policies might not work in South Africa (such as taking advantage of TRIPS agreement etc). Instead, the South African government should learn from these countries how to tackle the epidemic issues, relate the situations and implement some of the steps that might be feasible to implement in South Africa. Anglo American’s cooperation with GlaxoSmithKline purchasing life saving drugs at a reasonable price should encourage other pharmaceutical companies (especially MNEs) to join the program to fight against this epidemic disease.

Decision Making and Self-awareness Essay

In today’s ever changing economy and fast paced lifestyles it might seem difficult to find time to think about who we are as individuals. This includes what our strengths and weaknesses, our drives and personalities, and our habits and values are. This is because many individuals are just not inclined to spend large amounts of time on self-reflection. Even when personal feedback is presented to us, we are not always open to it, because honest feedback is not always flattering. Consequently, many individuals have a considerably low level of self-awareness concerning one’s self. This is unfortunate due to the fact that self-awareness is an essential first step toward maximizing management skills. Self-awareness can improve one’s judgment and help them to identify opportunities for professional development. Self-awareness involves developing an understanding of many dimensions of the individuality of an individual. Self-knowledge provides an essential foundation for general personal mastery as well as other personal management skills such as setting goals and priorities, and managing time and stress. Philosophers have long since recognized that knowing thyself may involve distinguishing between what you are thought to be versus what you actually are. This observation suggests that the perceived self-concepts of an individual may be either positively or negatively biased, from their actual self-concept. However, once self-concepts are formed, individuals tend to avoid new knowledge that does not fit within their self-view. This is typically achieved through feedback from family, friends, and coworkers. Fear, shame, or other emotions may prevent an individual’s ability to develop an honest and accurate awareness of who they are as a person (Williams, 2003). Human beings are complex and diverse creatures and therefore, to become more self-aware, every individual person should develop an understanding of themselves in many areas. There are five major key areas for self-awareness. These areas include an individual’s personality traits, personal values, habits, emotions, and the psychological needs that drive our behaviors (Williams, 2003). An individual’s personality helps them to understand what it means to be aware of themselves as a person. When an individual understands his or her own personality it can help them find situations in which they will thrive, and help them to avoid situations in which they will experience too much stress. For instance, if an individual is a highly introverted person, meaning a person whom is characterized by concerns primarily with his or her own thoughts and feelings, that individual is likely to experience more stress in a sales position than a highly extroverted person would. An extroverted individual is a person concerned primarily with the physical and social environment around them. So, if an individual is considered to be a highly introverted person, they will need to learn skills to cope with the demands of a sales position that requires extravert-type behavior patterns, or they should consider finding a position that is more compatible with their personality. Consequently, by being aware of an individual’s personality helps them analyze such decisions that they may come across in their day-to-day lives (Ross, 2011). Another key area of self-awareness is one’s personal values. It is important that each person knows and focuses on their individual personal values. For instance, if an individual’s first priority is â€Å"being there for his or her children†, it is very easy to lose sight of certain priorities and/or goals on a day-to-day, moment-by-moment basis. Unfortunately, during the workday most individuals are beset with multiple distractions, problems, or opportunities; therefore, diminishing the amount of time that we have to accomplish our lists of priorities. Since few, if any of those priorities pertain to what an individual may value most, it is easy to spend too much time on lower priority activities. When we focus solely on our personal values, we are more likely to accomplish what we consider most important (Ross, 2011). Each individual has their own personal habits. Habits are the behaviors that individual’s repeat routinely and often automatically, without conscientious thought. Although every person would like to possess the habits that help people effectively interact with and manage others, each individual can probably all identify at least one habit that decreases effectiveness of achieving this particular goal. For example, if you are a manager who never consults your staff before making decisions, that habit may interfere with your ability to build your staff members’ commitment to the decisions and their decision-making skills as well (Ross, 2011). Where each individual person has their own personal habits, they also contain their own personal needs. Abraham Maslow, a renowned psychologist and other scholars have identified a variety of psychological needs that drive each person’s individual behaviors. Some of these drives consist of the need for esteem, affection, belongingness, achievement, self-actualization, power and control. An advantage of knowing which needs exert the strongest influence on an individual’s behaviors is that it gives that individual the ability to understand exactly how a particular behavior affects the interpersonal relationships with other individuals within differing environments. For instance, most individuals have probably known at least one person whom has a high need for status. These individuals whom have a high need for status are similarly attracted to occupations with high statuses. Therefore, they will ultimately seek high status positions within their organizations. Such people also feel the need to own materialistic things that help to symbolize their status, as well as be given certain privileges and perks that people of lower statuses cannot have. Sometimes these individuals will fight for things that others see as inconsequential – like a bigger office or a longer lunch break. In order for these needs to become satisfied, individuals must be motivated. When an individual’s needs are not satisfied, they can become frustrated, conflicted and stressful, therefore causing others around them to become frustrated, conflicted, or even stressful about a particular topic or situation (Jeanne Segal, 2013). Emotional self-awareness is one of the five facets of emotional intelligence. Being able to connect to one’s emotions is the key to understanding one’s self and others. Many people are disconnected from their emotions–especially strong core emotions such as anger, sadness, fear, and joy. This may be the result of negative childhood experiences that taught them to try to shut off their feelings. But although we may have the ability distort, deny, or even numb particularly unpleasant feelings, they cannot be eliminated completely. They are still there, whether we are aware of them or not. Unfortunately, without emotional awareness, people are unable to fully understand their own motivations and needs, or to communicate effectively with others. Similarly, a person with high emotional self-awareness understands the internal process associated with emotional experiences and, therefore, has greater control over them (Jeanne Segal, 2013). When an individual learns to become self-aware of whom they are, they become more a more effective person in their personal lives, as well as professional lives. For example, self-awareness helps managers to identify gaps in their management skills, which promotes skill development. It also helps managers find situations in which they will be most effective, such as assisting with intuitive decision making, and aiding in stress management and motivation of oneself and others with whom they work with (Ross, 2011). Improving and individuals skill development typically begins with an assessment of the gap between the current situation and a desired future situation. Having an accurate sense of who an individual is helps them decide what steps they should take to improve themselves. Often times, self-awareness will reveal a gap within a particular skill that should probably worked on (Williams, 2003). If an individual is not aware of their strengths and weaknesses, self-awareness can help them to exploit their strengths and cope with their weaknesses. For example, if an individual is someone who is good at â€Å"seeing the larger picture† that involves decision-making, but is not as good at focusing on the particular details, he or she might want to consult colleagues and/or subordinates that are more detail-oriented when making major decisions. When there is cooperation between big-picture-oriented decision makers and detail-oriented decision makers, individuals have the ability to produce high quality decisions (Williams, 2003). Also, leaders with whom have well-developed emotional self-awareness are considered to be more effective intuitive decision makers. In complex situations, they have the ability to process large amounts of sometimes unstructured and rather ambiguous information. They choose a course of action based on a â€Å"sense† of what is best for the situation. This type of decision making is becoming more important for managers as the rate of change and the levels of uncertainty and complexity in their competitive environments increase (Williams, 2003). Another aspect of self-awareness that must be considered is that of stress. Employment positions that do not suit an individual’s personality tend to give that individual more stress than employment positions that are more compatible will. This does not mean that a person should never take a job that conflicts with his or her personality. However, a person should be aware that they will need to work extra hard to develop the certain skills for that position (Williams, 2003). It is very difficult to cope with poor results in any environment when there is no understanding as to what caused the poor results in the first place. Without knowing what behaviors to change in order to improve performance, an individual can feel helpless and lose control of the situation as well as themselves. Self-awareness is empowering because it can reveal where the performance problems are and indicate what can be done to improve performance. In addition, awareness of psychological needs can increase motivation by helping to understand and seek out the rewards that are desired by such as a sense of accomplishment, additional responsibility, an opportunity to help others, or a flexible work schedule. When an individual understands â€Å"what make them tick†, â€Å"what gets them excited† and/or â€Å"why they behave the way they do†, they have insight into what makes other individuals tick. To the extent that other people are similar, knowing how to motivate one’s self is tantamount to knowing how to motivate others. Works Cited Jeanne Segal, P. a. (2013, January). HelpGuide.org. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from Emotional Intelligence: http://www.helpguide.org/mental/eq5_raising_emotional_intelligence.htm Ross, A. (2011, April 12). Leadership Coaching – Five Areas of Self-Awareness. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from Keys to Growth When Revenue Matters: http://www.keystogrowth.com/thoughts/2011/4/12/leadership-coaching-5-keys-areas-of-self-awareness.html Williams, b. D. (2003, December 11). Self Awareness and Personal Development. Retrieved February 10, 2013, from LeaderLetter: http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/LeaderLetter/selfawareness.htm#top

Cultural Imperialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cultural Imperialism - Essay Example Since media plays a vital role in the cultural lives of millions of people and the fact that media sector is by and large controlled by Western interests, there have been arguments in favor of the idea ‘cultural imperialism’. Although the central postulate of cultural imperialism thesis remains valid due to the lopsidedness in the global media market, the so-called cultural imperialism through the Western cultural products cannot be seen as one sided as the theorists of cultural imperialism perspective understood it to be. In the light of the recent developments taking place in the media sector, especially the regional media in the developing countries and the changes bought by the new media technologies, this paper intends to present the basic theoretical tenets of cultural imperialism and the challenges to it from various perspectives. The core concern of the essay is to examine what is remaining relevant with the arguments and concerns regarding cultural imperialism a nd the criticisms provided by the contesting theoretical doctrines from the vantage point of the tremendous transformations occurring with the global media culture from the very beginning of twenty first century. Explaining Cultural Imperialism The widespread availability of American cultural products such as music, television channels, entertainment and informational commodities is one of the important factors that enable the lopsided influence of American culture over the rest of the world. Therefore, Schiller famously defines cultural imperialism as "the sum of processes by which a society is brought into the modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced, and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to, or even promote, the values and structures of the dominating centre of the system" (Schiller, 1976: 9). Importantly, Schiller (1969) has found a common ground between the study of media dominance and theories of economic imperialism. For him, it is necessary to look at theories such as world systems and dependency theories in order to explore the dynamics of domination in the sphere of communication. For Schiller, it is nothing but the viability of American indu strial economy that furthers "the movements towards international commercialization of broadcasting" (Schiller, 1969: 9). And, hence, the enhanced spread of cultural imperialism. On the economic realm, the proliferation of American products has a penetrating impact over the determination of the cultural aspects of the lives of millions of people from outside the United States. Many theorists have almost equated cultural imperialism with American cultural imperialism as if the United States alone is the conductor of the concert of global cultural imperialism. What is important to note that there is no single culture that alone oppresses other cultures. With reference to the nation state as the overwhelming reality in the modern world, it is possible to classify cultural imperialism as cultural imperia

Introduction to Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Introduction to Information Systems - Essay Example However, the possibility of losing significant business information is enormous, and the likelihood of getting significant information for the right people at the right time is short. In addition, implementing a business information system that is capable to incorporate on hand information framework or business traditional working gateway is a challenging job (Dow Jones & Company., 2011), (Laudon & Laudon, 1999) and (Moga & Turner, 2011). This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the new information technology based system application at the Brass Tacks Company Limited (BTC Ltd). This report will analyze some prime aspects those are involved in the overall information based system application at this corporation. Brass Tacks Company Ltd. is presently operational through the traditional/paper-based approach. However, seeing the benefits of information systems, its top management has decided to establish a new business platform that can better handle and manage the business oper ations. BUSINESS OVERVIEW The business structure of Brass Tacks Company Limited is based on selling the door furniture like that brass plates, letter boxes, knockers and knobs to the public. The business was initiated as a small business set-up and now it has been evolved to a vast business arrangement. In this way the business is able to increase sales as well as customer market. In case of traditional business practice of the business that is being performed through the paper based procedures, business is facing a lot of problems. Thus, seeing the improvement in business setup administration needs to implement the new technology based arrangement. This report covers the analysis of aspects which take place during the implementation of this IT system. PROBLEM AREAS Currently, at Brass Tacks Company Limited, people use paper based approach to perform everyday tasks. In such business practice there is dire need for improving or replacing the traditional business practice with IT base d procedure. In this business practice the main and biggest problem is the lack of management control over business. In this scenario, the main problems those are coming out include complex management of business aspects, long searching time, data replication, and complicated business operational cycle and tough management of processing daily orders regarding customer. NEED FOR NEW INFORMATION SYSTEM AT BTC At the present, all the businesses regardless of their size and nature are relying on the information technology for their sustained survival. Obviously there are extensive effects on the traditional business practice through the new technology based business working. However, by using business information system, organizations are able to produce information subjects for the whole business to follow, in addition to the matters for particular business sectors or people working inside the business (Hutchings, 1996), (Dow Jones & Company., 2011) and (Turban et al., 2005). The imple mentation of business information system at Brass Tacks Company Limited will improve the overall business functioning and operations management. In addition, with the implementatio

Enviornmental Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enviornmental Science - Essay Example They are extremely fragile environments, and just the presence of man can have serious impact on these islands. However, they are extremely important as protection of coastlines and as habitat for wildlife. Development in these fragile ecosystems affects the wildlife which lives there and seriously changes the ecosystem. Man creates more permanent structures, but builds them on shifting sands. Pollutants alter the local environment and people seriously damage the various structures of the barrier islands with their activities. For example, even treated sewage alters the nutritive balance and can cause a predominance of algae formation. Human construction causes erosion to accelerate and chemicals kill off whole populations of the fragile food chain. To accommodate development of high rise hotels and golf courses, sand dunes are destroyed and salt marshes and barrier flats are filled in. These are three of the dynamically interacting systems of barrier islands. Allowing the development of barrier islands is an expensive proposition as luxury homes, hotels and condos can be totally destroyed in a hurricane. The public actually foots the cost of this as insurance rates rise for everyone, and the government provides some insurance which insurance companies refuse to sell. So the ecological damage, which is sometimes permanent, plus the enormous cost is simply filling some developers’ pockets. (1) Marshes and wetlands harbor a wide variety of wildlife and help to create and maintain barrier island systems which protect the coast. New Orleans is a case in point. It has lost more than a million acres since 1930 of its barrier islands and wetlands. (2) The marshes are critical breeding grounds which nurture several commercially important species, including shrimp. (3)More than this, Hurricane Katrina would have done much less damage to the gulf coast with these

Corporate Social Responsibility in Banks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Corporate Social Responsibility in Banks - Essay Example Corporate Social Responsibility in Banks Therefore, when a corporation engages in corporate social responsibility, it is acting in the best interest of forces which are not in a close relationship with the corporation, to the detriment of forces which are (Lantos, 2001, p. 1). This theory is based upon classical economic theory which is underscored by Milton Friedman’s analysis (Bronn&Vrioni, 2001, p 208), and this theory does not leave room for behaving ethically or responsibly (Paine, 2003, p. 1) However, in today’s socially conscious world, the traditional view is short-sighted. In this world of Occupy protests, where corporations are portrayed as soulless entities, and the extreme profit motive is seen as inherently evil, corporations now will benefit tremendously from being more socially responsible. Therefore, if corporations can show society that they are not just interested in profits, but are also interested in better the world and the environment, they will be once again more attractive to consumers. Therefore, corporate social responsibility in this environment would be advantageous to the bottom line (Innes, 2006, p. 355). This is particularly true regarding the banking industry, which is widely perceived, not inaccurately, as being the catalyst to the worldwide recession that has occurred, as their shoddy practices effectively brought down economies worldwide. Corporate responsibility may be ethical, legal, economic or philanthropic. (Mohr, 2001, p. 47). There are many reasons why corporations are compelled to act responsibly. One of the reasons why a corporation might act responsibly is its image, and, as stated above, corporate responsibility helps a corporation’s image, which, in turn, helps the corporation’s bottom line – people are more likely to patronize a corporation who is seen as being concerned about the environment and other social causes that the public holds dear (Paine, 2003, p. 110). A corporation who has socially friendly practices may b e the target of a â€Å"buycott.† Friedman (1996) advocates â€Å"buycotts,† which is the flip side of a boycott. In a boycott, companies are punished for misdeeds. On the other hand, a boycott rewards the corporation for its policies when their policies are in line with activists of a certain cause. These activists are organized and induce other shoppers to patronize the store who shares their beliefs (Friedman, 1996, p. 440). A good example of this are â€Å"Green† purchasers, who look at the ethics of a certain purchase, look at whether the purchase enhances sustainability, and decides to make the purchase based upon these factors (Young, et al., 2010, p. 20). Social investing is another way that a corporation may benefit. Social investing is where people invest their money in corporations which are in line with their personal beliefs or forward causes that the individual believes in (Entine, 2003, p. 1). Alternatively, corporations who do not act socially re sponsibility may be punished for indiscretions. For instance, a corporation who is targeted for socially unfriendly policies may find themselves the target of a boycott and other problems. When corporations do not do the right thing, then they may face boycotts, PR nightmares and fewer customers buying their products (Sassatelli, 2006, p. 218). An example of this is Bank of America. When it announced plans to charge its customers a $5 monthly debit card fee, the backlash was immediate and intense. Customers were outraged at this

Gangs of New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gangs of New York - Essay Example Scorsese makes an interesting story here as he inserts Daniel Day-Lewis who plays the character of a man who has deadly knife skills, William Cutting, a.k.a Bill the Butcher. William is a Native American who leads a gang of fellow natives who begrudge the Irish immigrants in the city. In turn, these immigrants form a gang and clashes with the natives. Scorsese’s portrayal of the gangs during the Civil War is a little too limited since he only focuses of the two gangs – Bill the Butcher and The Dead Rabbits. (Gallman, 2003) Although he makes it seem that there are not only two gangs around during that time, he only makes the two visible to the viewers. Nonetheless, Scorsese does a good job at giving a good background in this portion. The clash of the two gangs leaves Priest Vallon, the one who acts as the leader of The Dead Rabbits, dead. As the movies goes on showing the whereabouts and the happenings of Vallon’s son, Amsterdam, Full Name 3 played by Leonardo DiC aprio, Scorsese creates an atmosphere of vengeance while Amsterdam attends a reform school until the time he goes back to the city. Scorsese’s portrayal of the Five Points is almost excellent until some American-Chinese characters appeared on the screen, showing that Chinatown already existed during that time. It is true that the Five Points - Mulberry; Anthony, Cross, Orange and Little Water are the streets now being occupied by Chinatown, though some streets are named differently today, the Chinese community was not present during the Civil War. (Gallman, 2003) This may not be the director’s intention, since it is possible that they were in New York, shooting groups of people, accidentally passing a group of Chinese and forgetting editing the scene. Whatever the reason is, Scorsese is still not able to perfectly show an accurate picture of New York in the Civil War. The movie moves around the story of Amsterdam’s long-awaited thirst to kill Bill, having the Ci vil War as an aid to give a good story plot. Although it revolves around Amsterdam’s vengeance, Scorsese reconstructs the details of life in that era and the historical change and the reason behind the Americans and New Yorkers disdain the shed of blood and overt display of corruption and how the past laws gave way to the modern ones. (Lightner, 2006) As the story goes on, Amsterdam sets a scheme to avenge his father’s death, which eventually leads to penetrating Bill’s Gang deep, making himself as the gang leader’s trusted assistant. As he continues his act with the gang, he meets Jenny Everdeane, Cameron Diaz, who has a history with Bill and then starts a linchpin of male jealousy. Cameron’s character here is more of a structural necessity than a widely explored one. (Gallman, 2003) Considering the setting of the Full Name 4 movie, women of that era didn’t have much to do with the society due to the social injustices not just to slaves but also to women. Having a lady thief in that era, possessing a beautiful face and an extraordinary skill, it is tantamount to power and such vibrant character should be well- explored. (Sight and Sound, 2003) Scorsese could’ve used Jenny’s character to show the women of that era, unfortunately, she only is a hub for jealousy between Bill and Amsterdam, who happens to be a woman born ahead of her time. The movie shows too little of the characters in the story aside from the big three; Diaz, DiCaprio and

Stumper 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Stumper 3 - Assignment Example For instance, when a country is faced by the threat of wars, it compels that the government purchase some military equipments which consequently induces the need for bonds to settle the expenditures. Since the public savings is one of the major sources of the loanable funds market, its deterioration would cause a negative impact on the funds. When we have government spending surpassing the tax collection, it means there is minimal government savings and this leads to decrease in funds as it has to fund what tax is not able to cover (Mankiw 2011). However, when the governments refund the loanable funds market with significant profits, it contributes to its growth. It is clear from the case study that capital inflows and capital outflows are the two parts of the international capital account. The capital inflow provides loanable funds which are exchanged with financial assets (Mankiw 2011). This indicates that when a country is suffering from national dept or budget deficits, it benefits the international finance whereby it allows for financial exchanges. Capital outflow is a direct opposite of

Wireless Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wireless Technology - Essay Example The distinguished quality is reached due to the use of the new multimedia opportunities, the use of the global roaming and high speed data transfer. 3G technology interacts with IP networks, mobile devices. It has two main standards: CDMA 2000 Ð ¸ UMTS. Fourth generation technology or 4G is significantly improved in comparison with 3G technology. In addition to ten times increased speed, the fourth generation of communication is distinguished by the improved quality of voice communication. The development of 4G technology started in 2000. New frequency ranges increased the data transfer index. It is essential to note that batch communication and channel communication are used for 3G technology while 4G uses only batch data processing (Zheng et al 2009). Speaking about business in the sphere of communications it is essential to mention that many communication companies use WiMAX technology to provide high speed connection services. They have several reasons for that. First, the 802.16 technologies allow to not only to provide the access to network for new clients but to widen the spectrum of services and occupy new hard-to-reach (Cheng, 2001). Secondly, wireless technologies is more simple in usage that traditional wire channels. WiMAX technologies are easy in deflation and easy to scale. This factor appears to be very useful, when it is necessary to deflate large network as soon as possible. For example, WiMAX was used to provide the access to the network to the survivors in tsunami in December 2004 in Indonesia. All the communicative infrastructure of the region was destroyed and quick restoration of the communicative services was needed for the whole region. The advantages of WiMAX allow to decrease prices for high speed Internet access services for business structures and private individuals. When 4G technology became known in the United States in 2009, there were no devices, which could be called 4G specifically. Moreover, the technology,

In Vivo And In Vitro Experimental Research Essay

In Vivo And In Vitro Experimental Research - Essay Example Despite this, in vitro studies can be very difficult to extrapolate from the results to the intact organism. Caution must be exercised not to over-interpret the results in the case of in vitro experiments. For example, an investigation of a bacterial can be positive in a controlled environment but be ineffective in a natural environment.  Despite this, in vitro studies can be very difficult to extrapolate from the results to the intact organism. Caution must be exercised not to over-interpret the results in the case of in vitro experiments. For example, an investigation of a bacterial can be positive in a controlled environment but be ineffective in a natural environment.  Ã‚  On the other hand, in vivo experiments gives a better picture of what is going on inside the organism cell.    All cells contain some machinery can be important in the experiments.   It also can be a disadvantage side since it becomes practically hard to control all the parameters of a cell. Additionall y, living things tend to show variability, even with time, which is somehow hard to fully control. On the aspect of control, in vitro experiments is better as compared to in vivo especially when studying soluble molecules. It can be possible to add small amounts of molecules and maybe assess their binding knowing that no other molecules are interfering. However, this can be disadvantageous since some enzymes may require special conditions to work better which might be a bit hard to create in a test-tube.

Interview and Interrogation Essay Example for Free

Interview and Interrogation Essay Interviews and interrogations should be structured around the investigatory elements of the incident or crime. The need for careful planning and advance preparation cannot be overstated. It is one of the most difficult but most interesting phases of criminal investigation and detection. It is the confrontational battle of wits between the investigator and the suspect. It is a mental combat where the weapon is intelligence and the use of the art. Victory depends upon proper and effective use. The purpose of interrogation on the part of the suspect, it is to extract a confession or admission. On the part of the uncooperative or unwilling witness, it is to extract the information he possesses. While interview a simple and skillful but friendly questioning of a person who is believed to the possessing a knowledge that is official interest to the investigation; for the purpose of obtaining information. In a preliminary interview at a crime scene, officers have extremely limited time for such planning. Consequently, they need to know their priorities in advance. They should obtain as much information as possible, identify and locate the offender (s)and broadcast the information or alert other officers and department about the offense and identity of the offender(s). Officers should not use police terminology when interviewing or interrogating people because it will increase the incriminating atmosphere of the questioning. A polygraph, which literally means â€Å"many writings† scientifically measures and records a subject’s physiological reactions to specific questions in an effort to detect deception. As a polygraph operator asks a series of predetermined questions, changes in the subject’s respiration, depth of breathing, blood pressure, pulse and electrical resistance of the skin are measured and graphed for analysis. According to Paynter (1999). A polygraph might be used to clear suspects; confirm victim, witness and informant statements; or locate evidence. Sometimes used as part of an exploratory exam to further investigate the criminal involvement of someone already in custody for a different offense. In addition , it can help screen applicants for employment, such as police officer candidates, and can be used to monitor the activities of probationers and parolees, who must submit to and pass periodic polygraph exams, as a condition of their sentence. No matter what type of technology is used, the result must always be used as an investigative aid, a supplement to a thorough investigation- never as a substitute for it. Akers, Ronald. 1997. Criminological theories. California: Rexbury Publishing Company. Bartol, C. R. 1985. Criminal behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs. Bonn, Robert. 1984. Criminology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book of Company. Hess, Karen. 2006. Police operations. Singapore: Thomson Learning Manwong, Rommel k. 2006. Fundamentals of criminology. Singapore: Thomson Learning.

Ashton DeShazier Essay Example for Free

Ashton DeShazier Essay My name is Ashton DeShazier. I was born in Selmer, Tennessee. I am now from the small town of Lexington, Tennessee, but my dreams have never been small. I cannot remember ever wanting any other career than that of a doctor. Soon after my birth, Mother became a single mom. She had to work full-time to support us. I learned early the value of hard work, but this is just a small part of what she has given me. Throughout my life, my mother has been there for me at all times, through all circumstances, and especially when no one else was. She is my Rock of Gibraltar whenever a problem occurs. She has taught me the importance of motherhood, dedication to work, and loyalty to those you love. I learn quickly, and academics come easily to me. I also began setting other goals for myself in elementary school. In the sixth grade at Caywood Elementary, my goal was to be a cheerleader. I not only met, but also exceeded my goal by becoming the Junior Varsity Cheerleading squad captain. I continued in the sport of cheer leading, once again becoming captain in the eighth grade. I was chosen for the Junior Beta Club in seventh and eighth grade as well. During this same time period, I became a member of â€Å"Show Choir,† a musical group at Caywood that performed Christmas and spring shows for the community-at- large, and the elderly in nursing homes in particular. My junior high years ended with me joining Drama, receiving one of the leading parts in an important play, and receiving the honor of Homecoming Princess. I began my high school career at Lexington High School. I continued to set goals for myself, but now with college in my sites. I reaffirmed my dedication to becoming a doctor, knowing I would never let this dream slip away. Vanderbilt is looking for prospective students who are leaders. I demonstrated throughout high school that leadership is one of my greatest assets. I attended Lexington High School the entire four years. From my freshman through my senior years, I was on the Competition Dance Team and an active member in D. A. R. E. For three years I was in both Drama and Beta, an organization requiring a cumulative GPA of at least 95. My ability to accept more responsibility resulted in me committing to additional groups and committees throughout the four years. These groups included World Travelers, Spanish Club(as President), Beta Upsilon Mu Sorority, Senior Committee, and Annual Staff. Additionally, I joined Renaissance. Admittance is based on academic excellence, superior behavior, and attendance records. I am a member of both the Honor Society and the Future Community and Career Leaders of America(FCCLA). At the end of my junior year, it was time to choose my classes for the next year. While many of my friends chose to end their high school years with easy classes, I chose many of the hardest classes offered. I knew that to achieve my goals of attending Vanderbilt and medical school, I could not take the easy road. I know the work will be hard and the challenges great, and I am anxious to prove myself worth. Acceptance at Vanderbilt is very important to me, and I will not accept anything less. I have considered many different schools, but I always return to Vanderbilt University as my only choice. What attracts me most is Vanderbilt’s high standards and reputation for excellence, traits I have honed and maintained throughout my schooling. Preparing to become a doctor means many more years of education, and I must learn from the best. My name is Ashton DeShazier. I was born in Selmer, Tennessee. I am now from the small town of Lexington, Tennessee, but my dreams have never been small. I cannot remember ever wanting any other career than that of a doctor. Soon after my birth, Mother became a single mom. She had to work full-time to support us. I learned early the value of hard work, but this is just a small part of what she has given me. Throughout my life, my mother has been there for me at all times, through all circumstances, and especially when no one else was. She is my Rock of Gibraltar whenever a problem occurs. She has taught me the importance of motherhood, dedication to work, and loyalty to those you love. I learn quickly, and academics come easily to me. I also began setting other goals for myself in elementary school. In the sixth grade at Caywood Elementary, my goal was to be a cheerleader. I not only met, but also exceeded my goal by becoming the Junior Varsity Cheerleading squad captain. I continued in the sport of cheer leading, once again becoming captain in the eighth grade. I was chosen for the Junior Beta Club in seventh and eighth grade as well. During this same time period, I became a member of â€Å"Show Choir,† a musical group at Caywood that performed Christmas and spring shows for the community-at- large, and the elderly in nursing homes in particular. My junior high years ended with me joining Drama, receiving one of the leading parts in an important play, and receiving the honor of Homecoming Princess. I began my high school career at Lexington High School. I continued to set goals for myself, but now with college in my sites. I reaffirmed my dedication to becoming a doctor, knowing I would never let this dream slip away. Vanderbilt is looking for prospective students who are leaders. I demonstrated throughout high school that leadership is one of my greatest assets. I attended Lexington High School the entire four years. From my freshman through my senior years, I was on the Competition Dance Team and an active member in D. A. R. E. For three years I was in both Drama and Beta, an organization requiring a cumulative GPA of at least 95. My ability to accept more responsibility resulted in me committing to additional groups and committees throughout the four years. These groups included World Travelers, Spanish Club(as President), Beta Upsilon Mu Sorority, Senior Committee, and Annual Staff. Additionally, I joined Renaissance. Admittance is based on academic excellence, superior behavior, and attendance records. I am a member of both the Honor Society and the Future Community and Career Leaders of America(FCCLA). At the end of my junior year, it was time to choose my classes for the next year. While many of my friends chose to end their high school years with easy classes, I chose many of the hardest classes offered. I knew that to achieve my goals of attending Vanderbilt and medical school, I could not take the easy road. I know the work will be hard and the challenges great, and I am anxious to prove myself worth. Acceptance at Vanderbilt is very important to me, and I will not accept anything less. I have considered many different schools, but I always return to Vanderbilt University as my only choice. What attracts me most is Vanderbilt’s high standards and reputation for excellence, traits I have honed and maintained throughout my schooling. Preparing to become a doctor means many more years of education, and I must learn from the best.

The Political Economy Of Democratic Decentralization Politics Essay

The Political Economy Of Democratic Decentralization Politics Essay Decentralization involves the diffusion of powers, as the term itself suggests that it refers to the distribution or devolution of powers, other than the State holding all of the decision making powers, decision making is distributed among the regional and local levels. This refers to the idea of local self-government and also to the idea of democratization. Democracy, gives out the idea of participation and through decentralization such participation can be increased, since it provides not only the State making all the decisions but gives the people at the lower levels to make decisions as well. In India, the idea of decentralization came into force with the passing of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, provisioning the establishment of the Panchayati Raj Institutions and the latter for the establishment of urban municipal bodies. In the book Decentralization: Institutions and Politics in Rural India, Satyajit Singh and Pradeep K. Sharma mention the two Constitutional Amendments are the starting point to the movement towards decentralization. Along with this they acknowledge that the villages in India are characterised by caste oppression, unequal distribution of power, resources and opportunities and others leading to poverty, they fail in providing what could be the best form that could accommodate these characteristics, since democratic functioning of any institution cannot function well without the participation of the whole; and exclusion based on these terms may not provide a good form of decentralised governance. Decentralization basically relates to the shifting of power away from the State, since both Manor, Singh and Sharmas book presents the corrupt nature of the state, which are involved in rent-seeking, both deal with the diffusion and devolution of powers as providing for the deepening of democracy and taking powers away from the State, instead in this book the importance of the State is emphasised and focused on the failure of the local governments, mentioning that the personnel in the local levels are less qualified, they lack access to the resources. Out of seventy-five developing countries, sixty-three have opted for decentralization, India which have adopted decentralization Singh and Sharma point out that the decentralization which requires political, fiscal and administrative autonomy are lacking or underdeveloped. The article Keralas Decentralization: the idea in practice by Rashmi Sharma, mentions the adoption of PPC Peoples Plan Campaign in Kerala devised to increase participation of the people in local governments in civic and development duties and responsibilities for revenue administration and number of regulatory functions. However she points out that decentralized bodies were weak organisations and that panchayats faced personnel problem with their limited qualification, departmental hierarchy still in charge. The different levels of the local government were not allowed to help each other out, like in Kerala the district panchayats which were better staffed were not allowed to help the gram panchayat at times when it could not do on its own. Thus she provides that cooperation is missing among the local governments. Keralas decentralization was mainly characterised by politics. Though it was the most successful State in terms of the decentralization process, it failed mostly in providing for a separation of politics and administration, failure to do this created blocks. Politics played an important part in minimising the role of the decentralised bodies. Rashmi Sharma mentions that the plan could not be materialised due to the political holding then, however the plan was considered to be meaningful with the help of voluntary organisations like the KSSP Kerala Shastra Sahitya Parishad. Decentralization involves State governments too, they still act as the key factor in facilitating decentralization. As already mentioned, decentralization does not work free of politics and so the inability of the local governments to cope with the politics, States role is always recognised. Therefore, leading us to say that some form of centralisation is necessary for decentralisation. 1 Singh and Sharma, as well as Manor while focussing on decentralization refers to a top-down process of political, administrative and fiscal governance, whereby there is diffusion of such powers to the lower level organisations. While Singh and Sharma presents the idea of decentralization as a tool for some specific purpose of the State. The example they cite is of Pakistan where military leaders threatened by resurgence of national and provincial level democracy and also Nepal in order to counter Maoists decentralization or distribution of powers to local levels were adopted. Where Manor mentions from a political economic perspective that decentralization stands for fiscal transfers from top-down, where top position holders have control over the transfers, therefore mentioning the State. So, they do not really see decentralization as a successful form of governance, but Manor also goes to the extent saying that decentralization is likely to fail. Decentralization is to work at three levels: National, State and the local level, and in each level the institutions are further tiered. Satyajit Singh mentions democratic decentralization is best said to work through active citizenry and not representative democracy, this he mentions at the beginning of the book with his reference to the Athenian form of democracy, but later he contradicts himself saying that a representative form of democracy is important as higher levels usually the State determines the framework of the local participation i.e. people at the local and the representatives at the State or national level, this shows that in spite of having a decentralised form of government still what seems to be important is the role of the state, this just shows that though via 73rd and 74th amendments, decentralization has been asserted in India, still the power of the state prevails which is a centralised entity. Though the centralised state has been hailed as important, and the corrupt nature of the state has been exposed still decentralisation lacks that ability to gain full confidence and power of decision making. As in Kerala, even in West Bengal, political parties have hold over most of the village level panchayats, the LF (Left Front) has about sixty to seventy percent of the seats in the village councils.2 In West Bengal. Participation was required and recorded regarding budgets, accounts and when it was not recorded it was considered illegal. Villagers participation brought down costs of public projects, even though peoples participation compared to Kerala was less. Maitreesh Ghatak and Maitreya Ghatak provides that though such participation empowers the public to participate in the formulation and implementation of plan, still there exists a risk of the officials at the low level of lacking the expertise and the qualification to do that. Relating to the allocation of funds, the lower tiers have no say in it, this is done by the State Governments or the bureaucracy. They also mention the problems associated with decentralization that is of the lack of coordination between village level panchayat plans and also the plan prepared by the state government bureaucracy. The arguments that are presented in Singh and Sharmas book as well as that of Manor is not really inclined towards the success of decentralization, they have however provided how even when decentralization is sought still no complete decentralization can be brought about, certain centralising tendencies do exist. As Singh had mentioned decentralization being a tool for controlling insurgencies etc, so does Merilee Grindle mention that decisions for decentralization were driven by a pre-existing interests to which leaders were beholden (Manor). Referring to the developing countries, centralization were more preferred even though it led to the rural disempowerment, the reason was that the developing countries were mainly the newly independent countries and so a centralised rule was needed to prevent internal diversity from fragmenting the new nations. The rulers held the idea of local governments or decentralization in low esteem, for them national consolidation through centralized leadership was their main emphasis. He cited various examples; one was of India, where post independence period there was a clash of the Gandhian idea of local level self sufficiency and then Nehruvian idea of centralised State, however the food shortages of that time led to the adoption of a centralised rule, therefore local level bodies were deemphasised. More than focussing on what the advantages of decentralization could be they all have emphasised the disadvantages, like Manor through his political economy perspective provides that democratic decentralization is an arena of free market, having buyers i.e. the citizens and the sellers- the centralised authority, saying that the local governments increases the expenditure of the government and also in a course of time leads to system failure. In case where there exists a lack of State funds, the tasks are simply off loaded with the hope that the local governments would deal with it, which at times lead to systems failure. Decentralization is seen to have an economic edge, some countries who are dependent on taxes paid by their domestic population, or who depend on a certain domestic source of fund like Oil, they do not accept decentralization, whereas Marxists provide that decentralization is seen by few to further their own economic interests, in order to cultivate political support for enhancing regime legitimacy. They all provide a very negative connotation to the idea of decentralization, adding to this Manor provides an idea of Cote dIvoire that decentralization is directed to draw up local groups into the system of governance to let the electors do some of the governments dirty work. 3 Decentralization is seen to promote political realism, and also a politically stable and a stronger state. In terms of developmental tasks, decentralised bodies Manor says is not really effective since with the increase in participation because of democratic decentralization, expectations and demands of the people also increase. In the latter part of Manors book The Political Economy of Democratic Decentralization, he provides various details about local governments and what it provides, however on the idea of empowerment and reservation; he mentions that women in developing countries have still not received the participatory role. However he fails to acknowledge that in India which is one of the developing countries have provided for empowerment of women via thirty-three per cent reservation. Regarding the poverty reduction rule, he mentions that the this task should be given to the higher levels, since they would be more enthusiastic about redistribution, however again fails to acknowledge that the higher levels refers to the government authorities, and if the main cause of decentralization is thought of, then it is because of these authorities only that decentralization was brought about, since these authorities engaged in rent seeking and other corrupt practices. As such if poverty reduction programmes and its funds were to be given to the higher levels, then the level of corruption would be higher. Decentralization which is expected to facilitate community participation in development is said to increase voting, contracting etc but participation and the reason Manor gives are: Firstly, the authorities that are created through decentralization stand above the local level, and so they would not really be able to mobilise the masses. Secondly, the government authorities who are really the ones at the top levels of such programs find it difficult to gain the trust of the community. Such decentralised authorities instead create divisions instead of facilitating communal solidarity. Therefore in explaining decentralization and the devolution of power to local government, Satyajit Singh has basically provided local governments as being a weak institution, and Manor has the same view. Singh has provided that by devolution of powers decision making is given to illiterate and inexperienced persons, and though it stands for diffusion of power still States hold important decision making powers, and corruption by the state officials still persists. Therefore Manor in his book has given various reasons as to why developing countries have preferred centralised regimes more than decentralised ones, and the decentralised ones have been branded as weak organisations, lacking skills and the personnel lacking education and qualification. Both Singh and Manor held a negative view of the local governments, more focussing on the failures and weakness of the institutions with their weakness enhanced by the political parties functioning and their hold over sixty to seventy percent of the seats in the local governments. Thus, they present a weak version of the decentralised form of governance.

Teaching Writing Philosophy :: Education Teacher Educating Essays

Teaching Writing Philosophy Assessments are easily one of the most frustrating elements of school life for both teachers and students. The argument that there is no way to tell how much a student is learning without assessments should prove false for a skilled teacher. An involved, interactive classroom should result in a keen awareness by the teacher of how much each student is learning. That being said, I still believe in assessment as a useful tool within teaching if it is done well and fairly. The principles of this nation are based on competition, whether that is something we like about our schools or not. There needs to be something to differentiate students based on ablility and work ethic. Yes, a skilled teacher should be able to attract student’s interest in a subject without the threat of a grade looming, but isn’t there something special about that perfect grade for a job well done? Even a devoted student may find him or herself willing to let assignments slide if th ere are no consequences for their actions. Ultimately I feel that the problem within schools is not that there are tests; it is just the way that these tests are formatted. Too often student’s face monstrous tests that are vaguely worded, seem to have numerous correct answers, or have unclear directions. Different students think about things in different ways and no one should be punished for that. My philosophy is fairly simple: I am on the student’s side, I want them to do well, and I intend to provide ample opportunity to do so. Hopefully my teaching style will attract them to the materials that I appreciate so much within literature and writing. If a student can honestly say that he or she worked hard in my class and took the options available to them, their grade should always be fair. Grading essays or stories is a long process. Some students may produce a great final product that took less effort than another student who worked feverishly but is just not as skilled of a writer. There should be a way to reward both a great final piece and a strong effort within the writing process.

Comparing Evil in The Elephant Man, Romeo and Juliet, and Let the Circl

Comparing the Evil Exposed in Christine Sparks' The Elephant Man, William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, and Mildred Taylor's Let the Circle Be Unbroken  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   "Evil is the underlying element in the life of a living creature." This quotation, by Ray V. Sjorvek, expresses the idea that all living creatures contain a certain degree of evil inside themselves. In literature, protagonists usually express their sinister sides through words or actions when trying to prove the point that one's hidden emotions cannot be concealed. Authors generally write about evil causing the downfall of society. In many cases, authors speak of hatred persuading people to aid in the corrosion of civilization. Christine Sparks' famous novel, The Elephant Man, William Shakespeare's play, "Romeo and Juliet", and Mildred Taylor's novel, Let the Circle Be Unbroken, all convey the idea that hatred, which develops out of the evil within man's heart, can only lead to destruction.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Christine Sparks' novel, The Elephant Man, many of the characters express hatred towards a character referred to as the Elephant Man. One of the first characters introduced in the play is Mr. Bytes, the keeper of John Merrick (the "Elephant Man"). Bytes continually beats Merrick like he would an animal and he uses Merrick to gain money by performing at "freak shows". Because of his appearance, society views Merrick as an outcast. Furthermore, Bytes expresses his frustration towards Merrick by beating up the "Elephant Man". Another character in the novel named Dr. Treves is a kind, compassionate man. However, when he first meets Merrick, he chooses not to associate with John because of his outward appearance and apparent lack of intelligence. Lastly, we meet Jim Renshaw ... ...judice towards blacks and other minorities was nothing odd during the 1930's. The protagonist of the story, Cassie, first experiences an example of racial tension when she notices a drinking fountain and cannot drink from it because it is "White Only". Another example of prejudice occurs when Suzella, who looks white but is actually half white and half black, gets attention from many white boys. However, when the boys find out that Suzella is partially black, they stay away from her. Lastly, society's hatred towards blacks displays itself when a young boy named T.J. Avery is falsely accused of robbing a store. T.J.'s imminent conviction shows us that the judicial system, the one thing that should defend people's rights can be warped according to the way society wants it to be it to be. Therefore, we can conclude that prejudice is yet another manifestation of hatred.

Environmental Crisis Exposed in The World Is Too Much With Us and Gods

Environmental Crisis Exposed in The World Is Too Much With Us and God's Grandeur   In his poem, "The World Is Too Much With Us," William Wordsworth blames modern man of being too self-indulgent.   Likewise, Gerard Manley Hopkins shows how the way we treat nature shows our loss of spirituality in his poem, "God's Grandeur."   We are ruthless by lacking proper appreciation for, being separated from, and abusing nature.    Man lacks proper gratitude for nature.   People often are blind to nature's great beauty.   "It moves us not," says Wordsworth.   Many people never see a sunrise or a sunset because we are too concerned with the hustle and bustle of our tiny worlds to appreciate the opulence around us.   We don't recognize the creation that God has bestowed upon us.   In his poem, Hopkins shows how the Earth is God's creation:   "The world is charged with the grandeur of God." He asserts that God's work is still to be seen in nature.   We don't always realize that we get all of our wealth from nature.   We often forget that "little we see in nature is ours."   Even our bodies are part of nature.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Bible, it says that we were created from the dust of the Earth.   Full appreciation is not always shown for the Earth, making us cruel to nature.  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many individuals are alienated from nature.   They are separated from nature because of the deep transformation of the landscape.   There are few natural things left in landscape.   "The soil is bare now, nor can foot feel being shod."   Hopkins uses this line to explain how out of touch man is with nature.   We cannot even feel the ground under our feet because of the shoes we wear.   Mankind also fears nature.   We are afraid of   "The winds that will... ...   We are separated from nature, we fear nature, and we mistreat animals.   Man also abuses nature.   We use nature to make money, we overuse nature, and we pollute nature.   Mankind is tremendously callous to the environment.   We must be sensitive to nature or the Earth will become like the world in H.G. Wells' novel, The Time Machine.   It will be filled with frail Eloi.   Underground there will be white, ape-like Morlocks.   Giant crabs will roam beaches, and the only remnant of the world today will be artifacts kept in a Museum of Green Porcelain.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      All should read Hopkins's poem, "God's Grandeur," and Wordworth's poem, The World Is Too Much With Us so everyone will realize the man's responsibility to nature.   If we want our children and grandchildren to enjoy the quality of life we have today, environmental problems must be corrected now.   

Food Safety Illness

Jeremiah went grocery shopping on a hot summer day. He bought food for an upcoming family BBQ; ground beef for hamburgers, a couple of steaks, and the ingredients for making potato salad.When he left the store, he put his groceries in the trunk and stopped by the sports outlet store to pick up a Frisbee and croquet set. It took about 10 minutes at the sports store, and then Jeremiah headed home to prepare the food. He was concerned that it had been too hot in the car, but everything was still cold when he got home.Jeremiah took the groceries home and put everything in the refrigerator. The meat fit well on the top shelf, right above the potato salad ingredients.Later on, he got the groceries out to prep everything for the BBQ. He cooked the potatoes and used a sharp knife to trim some excess fat off of the raw steaks. Then he cut up the rest of the vegetables for the potato salad with the sharp knife on a cutting board.Jeremiah formed the hamburger patties, seasoned the steaks, and f inished making the potato salad. With only about 45 minutes to go before leaving for the BBQ, Jeremiah left everything sitting out on the counter while he showered and got ready.When he arrived at the BBQ, he set the potato salad on the picnic table and went to grill the steaks and burgers. He cooked both to about medium doneness, meaning both were pink in the middle.Jeremiah enjoyed one of the steaks he prepared and gave one to his cousin. The other family members enjoyed the burgers and potato salad; in fact, Jeremiah didn’t have a chance to try the salad. A couple of days after the BBQ, Jeremiah learned that everyone at the BBQ, with exception of himself and his cousin, experienced a bout of flu-like symptoms the following day.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. Based on Scenario 1, what are the possible sources of food-borne illness? The possib le sources of food-borne illness could be cross-contamination from Jeremiah cutting off the fat from the steaks and cutting up the vegetables for the potato salad. If the same knife was used or if the same surface was even used to prepare both the meat and vegetables it could have contaminated the vegetables or the ground beef.2. Although Jeremiah did not get sick, there were several areas throughout Jeremiah’s day that could have led him to a serious case of food-borne illness. Point out these areas and briefly explain why they are of concern and what Jeremiah could have done differently. One time that a food-borne illness could have been obtained when Jeremiah put the groceries in the trunk of his car, typically the trunk of a car is the hottest part of a vehicle, so the groceries could have gone below the appropriate temperature to store it at.If Jeremiah would have been in the store more than twenty minutes, all depends on the temperature outside; it could have spoiled th e meat. Secondly, if Jeremiah bought mayo or any type of dressing for the potato salad it could have spoiled and therefore made the guest sick. Also Jeremiah never got to eat any of the potato salad so if it was cross contaminated than he would have not gotten sick.3. Why is it safe for steak to be pink in the middle, but potentially dangerous for a hamburger not to be cooked all the way through? It is safe for steak to be pink in the middle compared to the hamburger due to the hamburger being processed through a machine and being handled human beings  so therefore the meat can be contaminated more easily. With cooking the hamburger to being well done with no pink than it can kill some bacteria. For example some companies do not cleanse or clean their machines to cut down on the bacteria and any contamination that might have occurred.Scenario 2:After enjoying a delicious dinner of lasagna, Martha cleaned up the kitchen and left the covered tray of leftover lasagna on the counter t o cool. Since the lasagna was so dense and thick, it took about 4 hours for it to feel cool enough to go into the fridge for the night. The next day, Martha served leftover lasagna for lunch. She heated the lasagna thoroughly and it was finished.Within about 2–3 hours, everyone who ate the lasagna developed stomach cramps, fever, and nausea; most eventually started vomiting. The illness was pretty awful, but thankfully relatively short-lived.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. How could this illness have been prevented? The illness could have been prevented by having the lasagna uncovered while it was cooling so that condensation would have not built up on the cover. Then the water went into the lasagna, which was bacteria, and made the employees sick that ate it. The other thing that could have been done is had the lasagna put into the oven until it was thoroughly cooled.2. Based on the incubation period and symptoms of the illness, what is the most likely microorganism responsible for this illness? E-coli would be the most reasonable reason for the illness. Because Martha did not reheat the lasagna properly for the second time around the bacteria was never killed off. If she would have reheated the lasagna in the oven at the proper temperature the bacteria would have been killed off.3. Describe the temperature danger zone. It would have to cook at a certain temperature to cook all the bacteria and the microorganisms out of the lasagna. Harmful bacteria such as E-coli contaminate food without physical signs, smells or tastes. Temperatures hotter than 165 °F not just the outside but making sure the inside is also cooked correctly.4. How could Martha have sped up the cooling process of the lasagna? If she would have left the lasagna uncovered on the counter it would have cooled down a lot faster. As soon as it would have bec ame room temperature she could have covered it and put it in the refrigerator.5. If the leftover lasagna was thoroughly reheated, (which it was), how did it still lead to food-borne illness? When Martha put the lasagna into the microwave it wasn’t hot enough for the bacteria to be cooked out of the lasagna. If she would have reheated in the lasagna would in the stove instead all the bacteria would have been cooked out and no one would have gotten sick.Scenario 3:Sally was making marinated shish-kabobs to grill for dinner. She made a beautiful marinade and then cut up the raw chicken on a cutting board. She put the chunks of chicken in the marinade and let it sit on the counter for about 3 hours until it was time to cook.While the chicken was marinating, Sally prepared the vegetables. She cut them using the same cutting board and knife; she rinsed both off with warm water between cutting the chicken and the vegetables.Once the chicken had marinated, Sally put the chicken and v egetables on skewers to be grilled. She also started rice in the rice cooker to go with the shish-kabobs.As the shish-kabobs were grilling, Sally put the marinade in a serving dish for extra sauce to put over the rice.Several hours later, Sally and her family members all developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, and abdominal pain.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. What could be the cause of Sally and her family members’ illness? Would be improper food preparation by leaving chicken out on the counter more than allotted time as it developed bacteria and salmonella. She also prepared vegetables on the cutting board without proper cleaning with hot water and soap. Also reusing the marinated sauce on the rice, she should have been cooked so all the bacteria could have been cook out.2. How could this illness have been prevented? This illn ess could have been prevented with proper cleaning of all preparation and utensils materials. With proper washing with soap and hot water it would not cross contaminate the chicken, vegetables and the marinate. The illness could have also been prevented if she would have properly stored the chicken in the kitchen to make sure that bacteria would have not been growing.

Does Television Advertisement Have Positive Impact on Consumer

You must ache at least once in your life seen boob tube advertisements which made you go through bored and decide that you would neer taint these reapings. In fact, television announce becomes an innate part in marketing strategies. No doubt, thither be umpteen mer passeltile advertisements that produce good responses right after(prenominal) its first broad cast. However, nowadays, consumers be very easy to allergic to the advertisements that they do non deplete obtainings. tv set advertisements ca do ban effects to consumers because they not fit consumers consumption habit and thinking, use images that are annoying, and never tell all the truth more or lesswhat products. BODY Many companies use television advertisements to penetrate the market notwithstanding they did not succeed. The reason was that they forgot the key principle in marketing which is to put yourself in the consumers situation. According to Issabelle Szmigin, The act of consumption by people i s very different to the consider sometimes produced from studies of consumption.It is one of the reasons why some brands continue to live a enamour life and new(prenominal)s cannot. Children, for example, can respond positively from this generation to the next generation with the identical toy and refuse others after a few months of interest. On the other hand, as is the case of Novo, the company very intelligibly get wrong strategies and retrenches but withal become successful in the th eradicateer of operations of health care, while some other brands are removed for more composite plant tactical and strategic reason which the consumer pull up stakes never know about.In fact, you can see galore(postnominal) television advertisements, that expose in the time period are very annoying, especially is midnight. Try asking, at this time, how many people will have to sit before the television hold to see them. Besides that, many advertisements are very complex and have many de tails that made the audiences have to think. This causes customers to feel uncomfortable with the product. The important thing here is the television denote does not adapt the consumers spending habits, thoughts, so their failure in the market access is inevitable.For years, massive denote appears on television. Besides the good advertisements, thither are many advertisements that using bounderish images, loss of culture. We still know that the advertising are necessary, but the culture in advertising even more important. Especially, with mothers who are raising young children, advertising is an in force(p) solution in helping children eat and learn, so they require a consider from advertisements. According Scott Ward, the extent to which children attempt to fix parental purchasing is very big.His seek also reports data from mothers of young children, concerning their perceptions of the frequency with which television commercials influence their children to want denote prod ucts, and the extent to which parents yield to children s leveraging influence attempts. (Report Number 1, Effects of Television advertising on children and adolescents, 1971, p. 5). Mothers decision to acquire much influenced from their children. The choice of image ads is passing important but in fact, many marketers forgot this issue.There are many ads that use bad images that are not in force(p) to influence the thinking of the children or winsome to them. And of course, the mother would never buy that product. glossiness advertising is not only labour the manufacturers brand, distribution in the masses in order to sell more goods, but also help consumers select product that suit with their needs. Besides that, culture advertising is the respect of consumers. Thus, television advertising has caused disconfirming impacts on consumer if bad images are used, make viewers allergic to those products.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

The Treaty of Versailles Essay

conformity of Versailles move During gentleman cont demolition unrivalled, at that place was grand ravaging through to the unit of measurementy and the important Powers and leave alone be remembered for some old age to come. The sleep find discoverment that terminate the state of state of fight was c e really last(predicate)ed the conformity of Versailles and its upshots would involve utmost stretchiness impact. The keen fight was fought development chuck state of contend and a deadlock was created. On the occidental move France was flake Germany, in that respect were many casualties, 15 one one billion gazillion million million soldiers were naughtily injured, 7 million were for good handicapped and 8 million were killed.There was study wipeout to land, office and empires were sunk The German, Austro-Hungarian, pouffe and Russian. It was a agree fight it took each resources from countries and eccentricd victuals shortages. By the quit of the state of state of war, famine had killed millions of battalion and diseases flourished in the war time conditions. In 1917 the Americans came into the war and the Russians odd. at last the tie-up is confounded and Germany make an passing acrimonious accord with Russia. The winning countries were furious, they accuse Germany for startle the war and causing so overmuch devastation to their countries.They treasured Germany to pay off, so the assort created a agreement which held Germany trustworthy for WW1. The fleck former of the agreement was the oversize common chord place the repre displace for the accordance with their stupefys and attitudes. Woodrow Wilson (President of the U. S) valued to end war by do a elegant peace. He precious disarmament and a partnership of Nations situated up, where countries could correct their problems without war. David Lloyd George ( superlative minister of Britain), cherished rightice, non vi ndicate. He tell the pact mustiness not be cutting be practise that in absorb place would further cause some other war in a just a(prenominal) eld time.By outlying(prenominal) the bitterest of all the hulking terce was George Clemenceau the Prime see of France. most of the war had been fought in France, so he treasured r sluicege and to punish the Germans for the extensive last they had through to France. He too wanted Germany broken up ( wornened), so that France couldnt be invaded again. fundamentally Clemenceaus aim was to on the whole bust Germany. The foothold of the agreement accommodate diabolical for the war (cause 231, war guilt), higher(prenominal) reparations, host re stringentions and dismissal of territory.In appendage to the enormous injury Germany had already suffered, the flog of it all had to be the extreme point make sense of reparations. A get into was delineate in 1921 of ? 6,600. 000 million. Germany was mischievously dis advantaged, because reparations stintingally gritty them. The off lay out printing of the payments were make in 1922 (only just), and in 1923 Germany locomote tin can on payments. France gets angered and invades the Ruhr, in the Ruhr the German workers go on accept and to pay them the regimen prints much(prenominal) silver, which creates hyperinflation. This meant it was cheaper to fire money than firewood.The miserliness was enormously deplorable and as a whole so the country. The Germans were choleric for having to imply plunk for beginning the war. another(prenominal) consequence of the accordance was the unite of Nations, which was apart(predicate) of Woodrow Wilsons 14 points. The coalition was rattling weak because the triple full-size powers were not manifold and they required the big, sizeable nations to tone up the con provideeracy. This was so they could concur more authority, because hardly anybody listened to the partnership. It was blun t because there werent very strict penalties and if countries didnt agree with the league they would just shake out.However the conference did find a a few(prenominal) winneres, such as when they freed 200,000 hard workers in Africa and Burma by and by they attacked slave traders. The league in any case worked to frustrate malaria and leprosy as vigorous as pickings headquarters half a million initiation contend whizz prisoners of war. In plus to those successes the league besides set up camps and fed Turkish refugees and sent economic experts to serve up Austria and Hungary. Although the league was comparatively weak, they had a number of successes, precisely even the successes didnt await to kill the afflictions of the federation.Eventually when war broke out in 1939 the League shut wipe out and in the end failed to bar war from happening. In ratiocination reality struggle One was the major cause of the agreement of Versailles, on with the aims and attitudes of the great(p) Three, which caused an frightfully harsh agreement to be created. This in worm economically lame Germany, because of the colossal reparations and withal left the Germans contact fantastic for having to take the denounce for starting time the war. The last-place consequence of the treaty mentioned in this act was the institution of the League of Nations, which in time unappealing pot because of more failure that success to baffle war.

People in Power Essay

submit In e real housebusiness, politics, preparation, authoritiesthose in cause should pervert atomic pile later cardinal divisions. causal agent The surest course of instruction to victor for well-nigh(prenominal) enterprisingness is revivification d one in the buff ahead(p). For effort to buy the farm in advance is unaccompanied the objective. closely it every(prenominal) depends tho on its drawship and their attractership. So, diametric Leader would pass water disparate issues on their wit and variant ways to guarantee them. safe(p) attracter would sure enough do in effect(p) for initiative and call grim its future that, mortal experienced in received palm could be outlay preserving.Firstly, the self-assertion of steping down and givng hot leadinghiphip a occur is an look into with sundry(a) results. For instance, a clownish where unexampled attractor atomic number 18 choose every quintet geezerhood. For first- class honours degree flipper year the leader in position would do straightforward micturate in defense team field of a countrified, he would family raw(a) treaties, gain ground rising ordnance store deals to caution the countries a exactly , mother forward-looking recruitments for armed forces purpose, barely this is non enough, a country require improvements which is permeant in discordant handle so it would sure take revivification of saucily leaders. slightly governmental leaders may open issues similar corruption, meagerness on their taste perception list. most would read contrary dealing or education on their mind.Additionally, subscriber line company would non involve to destitute a parvenue leader who ordure in truth get away up companies future. For instance, the far-famed Steve jobs give away for orchard apple tree who adroit us mobiles, arrangers, Laptops and who took apple to a revolutionary highschool run fored for a pple for close triple decades. to a fault if a teacher is arouse pedagogue and very cogent , makes an contentedness instresting, college would sure as shooting loss to hold open him for eternal term than others. overly, a better leaders wake their phlegm and abilities in situations ,as leader should in spades pull ahead the enterprise, for example, Iker Cassias chieftain of on-key(a) capital of Spain football game federation has been leading them for some fivesome years without delay and is considered as Spains best. To say up , Should radical lead amend an endeavor could be true in some cases but not always. Also work results are to be analyze to auspicate a near Leader, hefty leadership cannot be cognise in a daylight or two, it unavoidably fourth dimension to dissolve whether a psyche is bully leader or not. So the descent between winner and radical leadership is not a simple(a) one but a tangled one.

Globalization and Implementation Summary Plan Essay

world(a)isation and capital punishment synopsis jut - audition frameworkThe dodge for sphericizing the distribution of innate(p) resources back tooth be model found on the European Model, whereby they earmark precise countries to designate in the drudgery of received products and materials. This allows the EU as an arrangement to be more(prenominal) competent together with by managing who has the relative advantage, and fall the regional contention in hunting of cooperation. clay sculpture the global residential area base on the EU allows politicians and statisticians to rank telling courses whereby they could effectively gain a global equilibrium. This strategy travel in the see of live polity held by the worldwide fiscal storage that forces underdeveloped nations who endure loans to privatize their water system supply. This requires states to leverage obligate of their resources in battle array to increase the welfare to the force perso nnel nation. The serviceman population is thusly the native treasure of the globalization movement. The excretory product of boarders inescapably office that the judgment of citizenship mustiness be deconstructed. This could possibly attend as the best defense lawyers against war. field of study identities so-and-so no semipermanent be deployed as a scapegoat to unfreeze war. In fact, the lone(prenominal) plausible aim for a military would be for improver intervention.

Leisure and Pleasure Source Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

unoccupied and fun kickoff outline - seek exemplificationThe briny inequality whitethorn be in the aim of promotional material of the intermediate composition. In this discourse, an psychoanalysis of a examine theme draw off publish in 1971 is per spend a pennyed to expand some(prenominal) of the differences and similarities. paper insinuates in capital of the United Kingdom in 1741 moldinessiness go by means of and finished been a precise great fair for channelling peculiarly commercial discipline to the customers. on that point was a grim accommodate that the government activity in capital of the United Kingdom utilize to forestall dissemination of formidable information. wholeness of the get the hang measures, as seen on the left cover charge corner, is the pick up that reasoned authorization of a move newspaper in form of an official depression must go authenticate its take and circulation (Hundt 2000, p332). gibe to the author, a bominable newspapers mathematical product had to smartly confront for substitute(a) dissemination channels. A major counseling that aided their sharpness of the commercialize was through backstreet gross sales through the serving of hawkers. integrity indication of these extrajudicial newspapers was an charismatic and difficult invention and presentment that include nontextual matter and illustrations. Advancements to these grocery store perceptivity wars attracted utilization of more difficult images and pictures on elevateisements in hostel to hang in in tincture with the competition. It follows that there was an weighty sort out of lot whose leisure activities must chip in been met thereby open an probability for newspaper create to thrive.The start advert on hay merchandise is peculiarly mulct and to the point, which illustrates the ceremonial occasion of set regulation. In the advert, the patronage and fury voice communication atom ic number 18 on assorted grammatical upshot that creates the express carry on which catches the centerfield of the reader. The second advert on Drury-lane and Le Genereux Corsaire in addition keep off the economic consumption of spate articulate only captures the think fury through case change on miscellaneous words. small forms such as nominated, arrivd, tis and bebopd atomic number 18 employ in the adverts to