Learn About the End of the French Revolution

Almost all historians agree that the French Revolution, that great maelstrom of ideas, politics, and violence, started in 1789 when a gathering of the Estates General turned into a dissolving of the social order and the creation of a new representative body. What they don’t agree on is when the revolution came to an end. While you can find the occasional reference to France still being in the revolutionary era now, most commentators see a difference between the revolution and the imperial rule of Napoleon Bonaparte and the age of wars that bear his name. Which event marks the end of the French Revolution? Take your pick. 1795: The Directory In 1795, with rule by The Terror over, the National Convention designed a new system for governing France. This involved two councils and a ruling body of five directors, known as the Directory. In October 1795, Parisians angry at the state of France, including the idea of the Directory, gathered and marched in protest, but they were repelled by troops guarding strategic areas. This failure was the last time the citizens of Paris appeared able to take charge of the revolution as they had so powerfully done before. It is considered a turning point in the revolution; indeed, some consider it the end. Soon after this, the Directory staged a coup to remove royalists, and their rule for the next four years would be marked by constant vote rigging to stay in power, an action at odds with the dreams of the original revolutionaries. The Directory certainly marked the death of many revolutionary ideals. 1799: The Consulate The military had taken a large role in the changes wrought by the French Revolution before 1799 but never had a general use the army to force change. The Coup of Brumaire, which took place in the later months of 1799, was organized by director and author Sieyà ©s, who decided that the undefeated and feted General Bonaparte would be a tame figure who could use the army to seize power. The coup didn’t run smoothly, but no blood was shed beyond Napoleon’s cheek, and by December 1799 a new government was created. This would be run by three consuls: Napoleon, Sieyà ©s (who had originally wanted Napoleon to be a figurehead and have no power), and a third man called Ducos. The Consulate may be considered the event that marked the end of the French Revolution because it was, technically, a military coup rather than a movement pushed along by the however theoretical will of the people, unlike the earlier revolution. 1802: Napoleon Consul for Life Although power was vested in three consuls, Napoleon soon began to take charge. He won further battles, instituted reforms, started drafting a new series of laws, and raised his influence and profile. In 1802, Sieyà ©s began to criticize the man he had hoped to use as a puppet. The other governmental bodies began to refuse to pass Napoleon’s laws, so he bloodlessly purged them and leveraged his popularity into having himself declared consul for life. This event is sometimes believed to be the end of the revolution because his new position was almost monarchical in its dimensions and certainly represented a break with the careful checks, balances, and elected positions desired by earlier reformers. 1804: Napoleon Becomes Emperor Fresh off more propaganda victories and with his popularity nearly at its zenith, Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself emperor of France. The French Republic was over and the French empire had begun. This is perhaps the most obvious date to use as the end of the revolution, for although Napoleon had been building his power since the Consulate. France was transformed into a new form of nation and government, one considered almost opposite to the hopes of many revolutionaries. This wasnt simply pure megalomania by Napoleon because he had to work hard to reconcile the conflicting forces of the revolution and establish a degree of peace. He had to get old monarchists working with revolutionaries and try to get everyone working together under him. In many respects he was successful, knowing how to bribe and coerce to unify much of France, and being surprisingly forgiving. Of course, this was partly based on the glory of conquest. It is possible to claim that the revolution came to an end gradually over the Napoleonic era, rather than any single power-grabbing event or date, but this frustrates people who like crisp answers. 1815: The End of the Napoleonic Wars It’s unusual, but not impossible, to find books that include the Napoleonic Wars alongside the revolution  and consider the two part of the same arc. Napoleon had risen through opportunities afforded by the revolution. His fall in first 1814 and then 1815 saw the return of the French monarchy, clearly a national return to pre-revolutionary times, even if France could not return to that era. However, the monarchy did not last long, rendering this a difficult endpoint for the revolution, as others followed soon.

Credit Card Debt For The First Time - 1514 Words

This year student loans will grow to $1 trillion dollars, outpacing credit card debt for the first time (Goodman). Inflation is a word that many people have heard of but some might not actually know what it means. Inflation is when the prices of products increase while the buying power of money decreases (â€Å"Inflation†). Inflation is something that has always happened and probably always will. It’s not necessarily a bad thing in itself, but it can cause a problem if inflation grows much faster than wages increase. We, as a nation, need to curb the inflation of college costs begin the process of lowering the expense of higher education. In the last 30 years the inflation of tuition and other college costs has risen at an astounding rate. If you take a look at Stanford University you will find that their tuition has grown from about $6,000 dollars in 1980 to over $40,000 in 2012. If other products followed those inflation rates common groceries, like milk, would be clo se to $15. I don’t know about you, but to me that is absolutely ridiculous. This growing problem can most easily be seen in the large universities like the before mentioned Stanford. The problem of rising college costs has been around for a while, but in recent years it has gotten to a point where it is no longer possible to ignore. It is just getting worse and worse with each passing year with the prices going nowhere but up. The problem of the cost of higher education needs to be solved as soon as possibleShow MoreRelatedPersonal Finance1129 Words   |  5 PagesFalse—A debit card will work just fine when renting cars and checking into hotels. 3. False—The debt snowball begins with your smallest debt. 4. True 5. False—If you have to loan money to a friend, give it to them as a gift. Never co-sign a loan. Matching 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. i. b d j c k e l a f Multiple Choice 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. c d a a b d a d c c b d c d a Short Answer: 31. 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Credit cards have a few positives, but the risks heavily outweigh the good. Americans owe a combined 12 trillion dollars’ worth of credit card debt (John Oliver, 2016). The average household in the United Sates owes around $5,700 (valuepenguin.com). Debt should not be something new for American consumers since they already deal with student loan, automobile, and mortgage debt. Since credit card debt is so prevalent, debt buyers and other loanRead MoreCredit Cards And The Best Habits For Effective Credit Card777 Words   |  4 Pages Credit cards have become an integral part of our lives. We rely them for enjoying small pleasures and while making big purchases. But as helpful as credit cards can be, using them the wrong way can lead to a loss of credit score and even get you into debt. Therefore, it is important that you know how to make the most of your credit cards. Here are some of the best habits for effective credit card use. Find the Right Card Not all credit cards are alike and you should carefully consider yourRead MoreAdvantages Of Debit Card Vs Credit Card931 Words   |  4 PagesThe Advantages of Debit Card versus Credit Card The advantages of debit card versus credit cards used by young adults are debit cards will not allow you to mismanage, overspend or go into debt. The most common explanation for credit card debt for people under the age of 25. â€Å"Demographic and credit trends show that young people, and in particular students, may be the next segment of credit users that will face difficult financial times. â€Å"In the United States, there are 19.1 million students whoRead MoreAuto Debt Is Not Problematic1286 Words   |  6 PagesOn the other hand, auto lenders would argue automobile debt is not problematic. The steady climb of auto lending throughout the past four years is aiding the sales of U.S. automotive industries. David Berson, a chief economist for Nationwide Insurance, says that â€Å"because gasoline prices have come down, it makes it less expensive to run the vehicles that use more fuel.† The savings in fuel can be put toward new automobiles and higher loan payments. And , auto loans are a comfortable tendency for lenders

Charles Dickens, Great Expectations Essay Example For Students

Charles Dickens, Great Expectations Essay When the paper eventually snaps in to, this is Eddies cue to get up and change the subject. Working with an arterial motive Eddie questions Marco whether he has ever boxed. Marco and Rodolfo both reply No. So Eddie issues the challenge directly to Rodolfo, saying that he will teach him how to box. This is simply creating a smoke screen, so that Eddie can vent some of his frustration and jealousy against Rodolfo. Eddie begins by happily showing him how to jab and allowing Rodolfo to land multiple punches, with one connecting and grazing Eddies jaw. Eddie, still keeping up the friendly act, now reverses the roles and tells Rodolfo to block a few punches. Eddie begins swinging with intent. Throwing his left as a diversion and then landing with his right he releases some of his jealousy. Following the punch, Marco quickly rises. Eddie says to Rodolfo Did I hurt you kid? to which Rodolfo replies No,no, he didnt hurt me flashing a smile towards Eddie. Rodolfos reply is a result of him feeling that he is finally developing a relationship with Eddie and does not wish to spoil it;no, no This quick reply shows his eagerness to defend Eddie and keep on the right side of him. Beatrice pulls Eddie down into his rocking chair, the rocking chair seems to symbolise almost a peace zone. Eddie sits stewing and rubbing his fists, He could be very good, Marco. Ill teach him again. Eddie enjoyed embarrassing Rodolfo and wishes to do it again. This time Rodolfo initiates the dancing with his newfound confidence. The song playing is Paper Doll, Rodolfo places his arms around Catherine, which would usually anger Eddie, however Marco distracts him. Marco places a chair in front of Eddie with Beatrice spectating, this time Marco challenges Eddie, he challenges him to lift the chair from the bottom of a singular leg. Eddie takes up the challenge, but soon finds it to be harder than he had expected. He raises the chair 1 inch but then drops it, he repeats this process a few times until he pleads, and its on a angle, thats why, heh? Marco knows this not to be true and kneels down to grasp the chair leg. With strained tension flowing throughout his body he raises the chair, up and up until it towers over Eddie. Eddie and Marco are now face to face with the chair raised like a weapon over Eddie. Marco issues a glare of warning to Eddie and then transforms this look into a smile, Eddie blankly absorbs this message. Marco uses this act to deliver a message to Eddie; he is showing Eddie that he is more powerful and strong than Eddie and also warning him to leave Rodolfo alone. Also this is another peak in tension, as it is humiliating to Eddie.

Essay on The Prentice Hall Self Assessment Essay Example For Students

Essay on The Prentice Hall Self Assessment Essay This essay will discuss my personality type from the Prentice Hall Self-Assessment. The assessment is broken down into three sections: Part I: â€Å"What about me?†, Part II: â€Å"Working with Others†, and Part III: â€Å"Life in Organizations†. There are numerous questions and the questions are thought provoking. The essay will discuss the significance of what I have learned about myself and how my discovery can help me become a better employee and co-worker.Prentice Hall Self-Assessment The Prentice Hall Self-Assessment is a lot more extensive than the Myers-Briggs Personality test. The assessment asks many more questions and is broken down in numerous categories. The questions make the individual truly think and cause one to delve deep to consider how you genuinely feel. The Myers-Briggs test revealed my personality to be an ISFJ Introvert, Sensing, Feeling, Judging. (Jung, n.d.) The Prentice Hall assessment revealed my personality as an INFJIntrovert, iNtuition, Feeling, Judger. (Prentice Hall, 2008). In this essay, we take a closer look at some important aspects of my personality that I was not aware of. Part I: What About Me?I have taken several assessments and each one has been very similar in results. The only difference between the Prentice Hall and the Myers-Briggs is the way I gather information. According to Myers-Briggs, I gather information through Sensing, essentially using my five senses: touch, taste, see, smell and feel. (Kroeger, Thuesen, Rutledge, 2002) The Prentice Hall Assessment reveals that I gather through iNtuition, which means I focus more so on the big picture, than the minor details. In essence, both tests are correct. How is this? I have characteristics of both. It. .elongs the glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen†. (New American Standard Bible) As Christians, we must exemplify his word and behave appropriately. The gift and spirit is in us, we just need to learn how to us what God has given us. ConclusionIn conclusion, there a number of self-assessment test available that can help one to learn more about his/her personality. My self-assessment has given me more insight into my work behavior and performance. It also helps me better understand how I interact with my co-workers, take in information and make decisions. I have discovered some opportunities for improvement in my communication skills and I now realize that I must make some changes, before I do experience complete burnout. I intend to take this information and apply it in order to become a stronger employee, co-worker, and most of all a stronger Christian.

Yellow Wallpaper The Nameless Narrator Essays -

Yellow Wallpaper: The Nameless Narrator Erin Kate Ryan 7 November 2000 Major Women Authors Short Paper The Unnamed Woman Name, Identity and Self in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's ?The Yellow Wallpaper? Charlotte Perkins Gilman presents in the short story ?The Yellow Wallpaper? a narrator of dubious identity. If a reader infers that the reference at the end of the story to ?Jane? is indeed self-reflexive, a dichotomy between the Jane of which she speaks and the character who creeps about the room becomes apparent. This division within the single heroine can be best understood when viewed as such: within this nameless speaker are in fact two women, and as the actions of one recede the other becomes dominant. Indeed, the reader sees two separate identities, or selves, within the narrator's captive body: the proper-Jane persona, the suitably-named, dutiful and lucid wife of Dr. John; and the nameless, savage and hysterical woman, a reflection of whom the raconteur sees lurking behind the wallpaper's exterior pattern. As proper-Jane's affectations dissipate, those of her unsociable doppelganger fluidly fill in the gaps in the speaker's psyche. The protagonist in ?The Yellow Wallpaper? provides the reader with very few concrete details of her person. She is a woman: mother, daughter, sister, cousin, sister-in-law and physician's wife. She is an ?ordinary? person. She is?if one were to attempt a succinct moniker?Mrs. John. Yet, this Mrs. John?this mother, this wife, this Jane?gradually discards the traits which adorn a decorous woman of society. The primal, villainous character Mrs. John becomes at the end of the story embodies everything that is not acceptable in Victorian society. She neglects her child, abandons her household ?duties? , becomes increasingly paranoid and believes that she knows her medical condition better than her doctors. In addition to her near-maniacal obsession with the yellow wallpaper, the speaker begins staying awake all night and sleeping through the day. She at times creeps about during the daytime, an action she admits is hardly commonplace. The narrator also adopts a cynical and distrustful stance regarding John and her sister-in-law Jennie (?It does not do to trust people too much? ), an attitude that certainly does not befit a na?ve and delicate gentlewoman of the time. The trademark of a gentlewoman, her good name?upon which relies her reputation?is the first casualty of the speaker's progression into her second self. Due to the customs of the narrator's 19th century patriarchal society, her surname (which, of course, was her father's) was taken from her at marriage. Yet, although Mrs. John's last name is important to her proper-Jane persona, she had no agency in its replacement with that of her husband's. So while this partial loss of legal identity may be a factor in the speaker's transition of self, it is not an injury exclusive to this story's heroine. However, throughout the context of the story, the reader sees John further attempt to steal from the narrator her given name as well. In endowing her with the pet names ?darling,? ?little girl? and ?blessed little goose,? he succeeds in perpetuating the separation of his wife's sense of self from her name and its corresponding identity. Indeed, humans, pets and even inanimate objects (e.g. cars, boats and estates) are given proper names. To relinquish from the protagonist her name is to effect a form of debasement, and to place her beneath even a favorite dog. It follows that this defilement may be a cause in the narrator's creeping about, an act that is not only animalistic, but which places her physical self as low as her emotional self has been ordered. In addition, John even goes so far as to address the speaker in the third person (?'Bless her little heart!' said he with a big hug, ?she shall be as sick as she pleases!'? ), effectively creating a split between his frail and proper wife, and the woman to whom he is speaking. This is a step the narrator later takes herself, saying, ?'I've got out at last?in spite of you and Jane.'? Once her names are stripped from her, the protagonist is left with no concise description of her personal identity. She attempts to give a name to her developing condition, her emerging self, and is halted mid-sentence by John. ?'I beg

The Relationship between Suggestibility and Self

The Relationship between Suggestibility and Self Abstract This report presents the survey aimed at examining the link between self-monitoring as measured by the Self-monitoring Scale and suggestibility, which is measured by the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS). In this study, it is hypothesized that there is a significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the low and high self-monitoring groups.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Relationship between Suggestibility and Self-monitoring specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study involved 51 participants aged 17-48 years old. The results obtained in this study suggested that there is a significant difference in the suggestibility scores between low and high self-monitors. Furthermore, these findings support previous studies on the same topic. The studies suggest that high self-monitors are more sensitive to interrogative challenges or suggestibility when compared to low self-monitors. Thus, they a re bound to have high suggestibility scores on the GSS than the later. Therefore, there is a statistically significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the two groups. Introduction Previous research studies on suggestibility are concerned with investing the factors influencing this psychological concept relative to the results of the two forms of GSS, that is, GSS 1 and 2. Self-monitoring has been identified as the major factor influencing suggestibility in the context of a variety of interviews or interrogations particularly in clinical and forensic interrogative practices (Klein et al., 2004). Very few such studies have been conducted on university students in order to explore any significant differences in suggestibility among the two levels of self-monitoring. However, a variety of studies indicate that there is a strong relationship between suggestibility and self-monitoring such that the later influences the various degrees of suggestibility. According to Bain e t al. (2006), high self-monitors score highly in almost all the four categories of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1 (GSS 1) relative to low self-monitors. Therefore, self-monitoring entails the practice of paying attention to various personal, situational, and social factors during an interrogative exercise that requires strict memory recall. The personal and social prompts include various beliefs and values held by various individuals relative to the society’s concern for the correctness of an individual’s actions. On the other hand, suggestibility refers to the degree to which, an individual in an isolated social context, accepts and comprehends the content of a query, which prompts the subsequent behavioral changes and responses categorized as suggestible or resistant. Therefore, suggestibility is dependent on self-monitoring in many aspects.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Gudjonsson Clark (1986), self-monitoring is part of the coping mechanisms developed by the interviewee when exposed to various contextual challenges as a result of interrogative suggestibility. The scholars indicate that under interrogative suggestibility, all interviewees have a general apprehension of the situation in relation to the socially acceptable factors affecting an individual’s behavior. In this case, self-monitoring plays a major role in creating a defiant or a gullible behavioral rejoinder to the situational characteristics (Gudjonsson, 2003). In addition, a defiant or negative response to the situation is important in determining the degree of suggestibility in different contexts. The negative response alters any previous feedbacks to a given situation thereby allowing the interviewee to alter their current responses and increase their vulnerability to misinformation during questioning. A recent study investigates the connec tion between self-monitoring and suggestibility relative to the scores obtained on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1 (GSS 1). The survey employs the self-monitoring scale in measuring the degree to which some individuals relate social prompts to certain situations and their susceptibility to misinformation as recorded on the GSS (Gudjonsson, 1997). The study found out that different individuals can be categorized on the basis of self-monitoring into high and low self-monitors. The findings of the study indicate that high self-monitors are more susceptible to misinformation contained on the GSS when compared to low self-monitors. This is attributable to high self-monitors being more sensitive to situational prompts and their influence on the socially acceptable actions rather than the content on the GSS. Consequently, high self-monitors are concerned about the situational demands and the social response to their actions more than misinformation on the GSS. The present research st udy is aimed at investigating the relationship between suggestibility and self-monitoring on undergraduate psychology students. This population has not been studied in the previous surveys on the same topic. Therefore, this study will give a detailed report of a group which has not been studied in a while in relation to self-monitoring and suggestibility. In this survey, it is hypothesized that due to the influence of external social prompts, there is a statistically significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the low and high self-monitors. Method Design The survey involved a single independent variable, which was categorized into two, low and high self-monitoring.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Relationship between Suggestibility and Self-monitoring specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Participants Fifty one undergraduate psychology students were voluntarily recruited into the study. This sample population consisted of 11 Males and 40 Females aged 17-48 years (Mean= 23.58, SD= 8.21). Materials Self-monitoring This refers to the practice of paying attention to various situational demands or prompts, which influence the socially acceptable behavioral changes in different individuals under a given complex or challenging situation. In the present survey, self-monitoring was measured by the Revised Self Monitoring Scale (Lennox Wolfe, 1982, p. 1). The scale had 13 tabulated statements and 5 optional answers. In this scale, the participants were required to place an X in the square showing the right answer. Furthermore, the scale comprised of statements such as, â€Å"In social situations, I have the ability to alter my behavior if I feel that something else is called for† and â€Å"I have the ability to control the way I come across to people, depending on the impression I wish to give them† (Lennox and Wolfe, 1982, p. 1). Besides the answers to these statements i ncluded, â€Å"Never,† â€Å"Occasionally,† â€Å"Sometimes,† â€Å"Often,† and â€Å"Always† (Lennox Wolfe, 1982, p. 1). The scale gave a score range of 0-52 in which scores above 30 indicated high self-monitoring and those below 30 indicated low self-monitoring. Suggestibility This entails the various challenges or pressures to which the participants are exposed to during questioning. Therefore suggestibility is the degree to which these challenges are bound to influence behavioral changes in the participants, which indicates whether they are high or low self-monitors (Gudjonsson, 1997). Suggestibility was measured using the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, which composed of 20 questions derived from a story that was presented to participants orally (Gudjonsson, 1997). Fifteen of the questions in this scale were leading questions, which had misinformation while the remaining five were true implying that they had no misleading information. The nu mber of suggestive questions answered by an individual indicated the suggestibility score. This scale provided a score range of 0-15 in which higher scores indicated a greater degree of suggestibility. Overall, the equipment used in this survey was a questionnaire, which was employed in two surveys, one involving the written questionnaire and the other involved an oral questionnaire.Advertising Looking for report on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Procedure At the beginning of the survey, the narrative was read to the participants. The participants then filled out a questionnaire on the basic demographic questions and the self-monitoring measures. Subsequently, the participants were asked to answer the 20 questions about the narrative that had been read to them earlier. In order to allow for measurement of the suggestibility scores, the immediate recall procedure was employed. At the end of the experiment, the participants were debriefed about the nature of the study. The self-monitoring scale provided two scores in which a score is given for the wrongly answered suggestive question. High suggestibility scores indicated high self-monitoring while low scores indicated low self-monitoring. On the other hand, the GSS measured the memory recall in which the correct score was awarded for the right answer to the questions about the narrative. This was based on the answers being the same as the original idea or meaning contained in the story. High scores indicated a higher vulnerability to suggestibility while low scores indicated lower sensitivity. Results According to the scoring protocols describes above, 24 participants were categorized as low self-monitors because they scored lowly in both the self-monitoring scale and on the GSS. On the other hand, 27 participants were categorized as high self-monitors because they scored highly in the two scales. The mean score for the low self-monitoring group was 5.1833 (SD= 2.00603) and that of the high self-monitoring group was 8.0370 (1.83410). Moreover, an independent-groups t-test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the low and high self-monitoring groups, scores (t(49) = 20.17, p 0.001). Consequently, low suggestibility implies that there was a low tendency for the participants who had low suggestibility scores to pay attention to the situational demands while high suggestibility implies that the degr ee of sensitivity to situational demands and perceptions was high among the participants who scored high suggestibility scores (Boon Baxter, 2004). Discussion This study was designed to investigate the relationship between self-monitoring and suggestibility. It was hypothesized that there is a statistically significant difference between the low and high self-monitoring groups. The findings of the study confirmed that the hypothesis was correctly stated. It was noted that the high self-monitors had high suggestibility scores compared to the low self-monitors as shown in fig. 1 below. Fig. 1  Self-monitoring score Group n Mean Standard Deviation Low Self-monitors 24 5.1833 2.00603 High Self-Monitors 27 8.0370 1.83410 t-test score (t (49)= 20.17, p0.001) The results indicate that high self-monitors are more susceptible to the challenges on the GSS, which include leading questions and negative or defiant responses. Studies indicate that paying attention to various situatio nal and social prompts determines whether an individual will provide an impressionable or resistant feedback to a GSS question (Boon Baxter, 2004). Therefore, these individuals tend to treat all the information obtained under different situations relative to the situational and social cues that influence behavioral changes. Additionally, studies indicate that high self-monitors display initial behaviors characterized as being uncertain and success-oriented. Therefore, they are bound to be more attentive to various external social prompts. The findings of the present study support these theories in many aspects. It is evident that high self-monitors experience higher degrees of uncertainty when faced with complex situations that require them to pay attention to the content rather than their perceptions of the situation. Consequently, these individuals fail to notice misinformation because they are unable to recall. This is contrary to the low self-monitoring groups who are attentive to the content rather than the social cues (Boon Baxter, 2004). Despite that the study provides strong evidence showing the link between suggestibility and self-monitoring, a number of limitations are notable. Firstly, the experimental design may not be appropriate in investigating the link between the two concepts. Since the study employed a single independent variable, it is impossible to explore the effect of other external factors on the results obtained. Therefore, inclusion of additional variables would have made the study statistically sound. Secondly, the sample selected may have been inappropriate and biased. Inclusion of an equal number of males and females would have made the study more practical. Future studies should include a different experimental design comprising of both independent and dependent variables in addition to an equal number of males and females. This kind of study can allow the experimenter to assess the effect of other factors on the relationship bet ween self-monitoring and suggestibility. Additional studies are also required to determine whether there are any significant differences between boys and girls relative to the relationship between suggestibility and self-monitoring. Conclusion The report presents the findings of a survey aimed at investigating the link between suggestibility and self-monitoring among 51 undergraduate psychology students. In this study, the self-monitoring scale and the GSS are used to measure the degree of self-monitoring and suggestibility respectively. In this study, it is hypothesized that there is a significant difference in suggestibility scores between the low and high self-monitoring groups. From the discussions above, it is indicated that high self-monitors are more susceptible to suggestibility compared to low self-monitors because they scored highly on the GSS. Therefore, it is evident that there is a significant difference in the suggestibility scores between the two groups.a Reference Li st Bain, S.A., Baxter, J.S. Ballantyne, K. (2007). Self-monitoring style and levels of interrogative suggestibility. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 623-630. Boon, J. C. W., Baxter, J. S. (2004). Minimizing extraneous, interviewer-based interrogative suggestibility. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 9(2), 229–238. Gudjonsson, G. H. (1997). The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales Manual. Hove: Psychology Press. Gudjonsson, G. H. (2003). The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions: a  Handbook. Chichester: Wiley. Gudjonsson, G. H., Clark, N. K. (1986). Suggestibility in police interrogation: A social psychological model. Social Behavior, 1, 83–104. Klein, O., Snyder, M., Livingston, R. W. (2004). Prejudice on the stage: Self monitoring and the public expression of group attitudes. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43(2), 299–314. Lennox, R.D. Wolfe, R.N. (1982). Concern for appropriateness as a moderator variable in the statistical expl anation of self-reported use of alcohol and marijuana. Journal of Personality, 53(1), 1-16.

Site management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Site management - Assignment Example It will also discuss various management styles and techniques that would make better site performance. An architect’s obligation related to worksite safety arises out of his agreement with the owner. As in the case of a company auditor, an architect’s duties and responsibilities have to be clearly determined prior to the beginning of work through the preparation of a contract agreement. As Vidal points out, If the architect agrees with the owner to supervise the work continuously, he is responsible to avert defective and dangerous working conditions on-site. However, it is the basic duty of an architect to provide designs and specifications which are necessary to continue the project safely. While an architect designs structures in accordance with his client’s vision, he must enlighten the client regarding all possible elements of risk within that plan. In addition, the architect must suggest appropriate measures to eradicate the identified risk elements. An arch itect should visit the worksite periodically in order to ensure that operations are carried out adhering to the framed plan. Similarly, the client has to ensure that he/she has taken all mandatory precautions so as to build a safe worksite environment. During the course of project development, it is advisable for the client to arrange some periodical meetings with the architect and worksite manager who can give some useful information to the client regarding the safety levels of worksite environment. A safety engineer is responsible for ensuring the workplace safety. The primary duties of a safety engineer include implementation of safety programs, equipment inspection and maintenance, identification of potential hazards, and formulation of remedial strategies to prevent hazardous factors. An engineer can build a safety work place by improving fire protection techniques and equipment and machinery designs. A safety engineer must be well aware of many areas such as industrial health and safety laws, mechanics, engineering, chemistry, psychology, and other industrial processes in order to perform his duties efficiently. In order to assess whether a safety program would benefit the workplace environment, safety engineer must study the particular aspects of that workplace structure. The worksite managers are responsible for observing whether the proposed safety measures are implemented right way. In a huge workplace setting, there should be separate worksite managers for each workplace division. Since worksite managers get the opportunity to concentrate on a unit, they can personally observe each worker under their department, and it will contribute to the overall workplace safety maintenance. The worksite managers must report the safety engineers or the client if they see any dangerous workplace practices in their department. A quantity surveyor performs wide ranges of functions in an organization and his main duty is to deal with building costs. The quantity sur veyors must to be up to date with recent developments in building materials and techniques. They must be also aware of recent governmental regulations regarding worksite safety. In short, the coordinated and thoughtful activities of architect, engineer, client, worksite managers, and quantity surveyor would assist the company management to set a safe working environment. According to American Hospital Association (as cited in Ardell), the modern business sectors have identified the significance of wellness element in the

A Line Between the Policy and the Procedure According to the Law Research Paper

A Line Between the Policy and the Procedure According to the Law - Research Paper Example Here we may cite the example of a one-sided contract in the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company. Responsibilities can only be determined provided one party of a contract offers the terms and the other accept the terms of a contract. In the American legal system in case of non-performance / ill intention of the acceptor, the aggrieved may call the acceptor to fulfil contractual/legal obligations by performing their duties as enshrined in the contract (Barnett 2003). Monetary compensation is the only option available to the acceptor in lieu of losses incurred individually or collectively. The court of competent jurisdiction or the appointed arbitrator by the court of law determines the losses occurred to the company and the value of monetary compensation offered there against (McKendrick 2005). Compensation is a two-pronged strategy which comprised of legal consequences for the wrongdoers and to provide the option of a bargain if need be. Legal detriment refrain acceptor to d o something which is against the law/amounts to a breach of contract. In the mentioned scenario the affecters may invoke the jurisdiction of the competent court of law for compensation in lieu of damages. A legal detriment is a promise to do something where the law permits to do so or to refrain from doing something where the law does not permit to do so. The two aspects i.e. legal detriment and bargain which are closer to each other, establish relationship who offers contract and the one who accepts a contract to abide by the terms of a contractor to face the consequences of a breach of contract.

Literacy Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Literacy Narrative - Essay Example At a moment, he had no prior role in my life while next moment he proved out to be a blessing in disguise, defining for me some purposefulness in life. I never had much regard for literacy and education but that event was pivotal in making me question my own ignorance and beliefs. A turning stone We were born and brought in Middle East, where Arabic was our primary native language while ability to speak English was an add-on. I never did much effort trying to learn other languages or seek education since Arabic sufficed all my needs to communicate on daily basis. I still can clearly visualize that day when I met Hashim for the first time at his home 6 years back when he invited Ali for lunch and Ali tagged me along. Hashim was only 11 years old then which makes him 5 years younger than me. After getting done with our meals, we rested in couch while Hashim connected his laptop to internet. After signing in to Windows Live Messenger, he called out to me, ‘Hey, give me your email address so I can add you to my friends’ list and we can chat online sometimes’. This came as a shock for me as I wasn’t expecting him to be so fluent at English, especially at such young age, that he was capable of chatting online in this language. I still had to hear it from him once so I confirmed and received his confident reply, ‘Yes, I can speak in English fluently’. ... Soon I was able to realize that he belongs to an extremely rich family who must have spent massive amounts of money on his education. Nevertheless, that moment I promised myself that I shall work on my English language and soon be a fluent at writing, speaking and understanding it. To enable this, the very next day I joined a language institute to improve my English and enhanced my fluency within few days. This was a turning stone for my life and career: I got accepted at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, one of the best reputable universities in gulf countries. Additionally, the first year was a probation year where we had to go through extensive testing, including two English courses where the mentors were native English speakers. This also gave me an edge to get a better grip on American as well as British English language, terminologies and accent and distinctions between them. Due to my strong skills in the language, I was easily able to survive the first year with excellent grades. Concluding remarks Owing to my embarrassing moment triggered by Hashim’s question, not only did I get an aim and direction in life to be determined about, I also became part of a prestigious educational institution, built a strong career and have excellent communication skills in English language as of today. This was a crucial milestone in my life which modified my beliefs and attitude towards literacy. I became more mature and responsible and developed respect for educational concerns. Moreover, I started helping people in my vicinity to overcome their communication problems so they do not have to face similar embarrassing situation

Construction Procurement In Sweden Construction Essay

Construction Procurement In Sweden Construction Essay Sweden is one of Scandinavian countries located between Norway and Finland in North part of Europe. It has a population of 9.2 million people. Swedish climate in summer but winters bring some heavy snow and low temperatures especially in north regions. It is known as one of the best democratic government examples but even more as a successful and modern economic benchmark. Construction sector plays a very important role in Swedens domestic economy. It is described as a major market or even backbone in terms of importance. According to the Swedish Construction Institute report (1997) and the Swedish Construction Federation data (2008) the construction sector is one of Swedens largest industries and contributes significantly to national prosperity. Being a member of EU, Swedens construction legal framework and procurement legislations (Swedish Public Procurement Act, 2008) tend to concentrate on: non discrimination, equal opportunities, transparency, cost efficiency and value for money etc. Due to conservative cultural approach, Sweden has established a distinctive procurement model based on mutual strategic consideration and trust among construction actors. Nevertheless, OECD (Organisation for Economic Co Operation and Development) in annual reports about Swedish construction industry (2007) and (2009) found that cartels and lack of competition are the main negative features affecting procurement efficiency in Sweden. In 1990 Swedish construction industry was at its peak followed by government funds mainly for roads, bridges etc. Renovation, repairs and maintenance account for 50% of the total construction output (The Swedish Construction Institute, 1997). In 1991 there was a downturn in the industry and total construction volume fell by nearly 25% until 1994. In 1995 together with membership in EU Sweden construction sector has joined ISO 9001 quality and responsibility standards, which led industry to much bigger output. As a member of EFTA (European Free Trading Association), Sweden has been participating actively in European standards making in CEN (European Committee for Standardization) (Atkinson, 1995). Building regulations and control was the main government contribution to growing construction sector. It produced a quality standard high enough to absorb internal market request. The most noticeable Swedish achievements regarding construction quality by Atkinson (1995, p. 149) are: the de legation of ministerial policies on social and technical matters to professionally staffed executive agencies which carry out tasks assigned under legislations within a financial programme, the delegation of central responsibilities for building regulation and associated arrangements for certification and quality assurance to Boverket (The National Board of Housing, Building and Physical Planning), administration of building regulations by local district authorities, helped by a well presented system of approved documentation, regulations the Swedish Building Code in which requirements, expressed in functional or performance terms, are supported by examples of solutions, recommendations and advisory information. Unlike many other countries Sweden has no particular legislation concerning contract relationships for building projects by private clients. Even though private procurement can be performed with less complicated regulations, this must be done not offending public principles for contracts, purchase laws and laws regarding competition. Public procurement regulations are governed by Public Procurement Act directives followed by EU procurement legislation. The Swedish Competition Authority is responsible for supervision of Public Procurement Acts from 2008 (Swedish Competition Authority, Public procurement, 2008). Procurement types available in Sweden are: open, restricted and negotiated (Swedish Competition Authority, Swedish Public Procurement Act, 2007). PPP/PFI has been recently applied in Sweden and this kind of procurement options should gain more attention from private investors. However, according to Osipova (2008) Swedish construction industry has been criticized for high costs which led to lack of competition between contractors as well as low productivity and project delays. The UK has a benefit of wide range of institutional forms of construction contracts. However, a number of government sponsored reports have also highlighted that this has major disadvantages, indentifying duplication of effort and a wasteful use of resources at almost every level of activity (Ashworth, 2006). In the nineteenth century a first standard form of construction contract was introduced in the UK. The form was described as the RIBA until 1977, when the term JCT (The Joint Contracts Tribunal) contract was adopted. The present body responsible for drafting the current form includes public and private sector employers, architects, quantity surveyors, contractors and subcontractors. With different contract forms appearing in the U.K. after 1964, JCT forms reflected different interests of construction parties involved into construction business. The selection of particular form of contract depends on various considerations such as: type of work to be conducted, size of the project, public or private sector, status of designer and procurement types. According to Contracts in use surveys, JCT 98 is the most popular form of contract for building contracts in the UK. It is the Standard Form of Building Contract (SFBC). Table 1 shows all JCT contract forms available in the UK. The Institut ion of Civil Engineers (ICE) form remains the most popular among civil engineer contracts. The UK construction industry has attracted a great deal of criticism in recent years for its inability to meet the needs of its clients (Wood et al., 2005). There was a great need of collaborative procurement type such as partnering. Radically different approach to the procurement offered specific objectives through supply chain maximizing the effectiveness and performance of construction activities. Positive partnering approach in the UK has led Sweden to adopt partnering concept. Hence, partnering procurement type does not have contractual form status. In Sweden, the majority of contracts are based on the general conditions of contracts. New forms of contracting occurring are the performance based contract and partnering. Performance based contracts are improved forms of the design and build contracts. Such contracts tend to provide stimulus for the contractor for development of higher level products. Partnering contracts proved to be successful in the UK are getting more popular in Sweden. Cost reduction and better performance are the main benefits of such contracts. As in Sweden the UK construction industry is strongly fragmented. To improve this many of the best clients use partnering or similar agreements to keep project team together (Sterner, 2002). Lack of competition in Swedish construction sector has been pointed out by OECD (2007) in 1999 and 2004. Survey held by OECD find out that cartels are common within Swedish construction industry. Also barriers are quite high for new construction companies which cannot compete on the bigger projects. The four largest developers, which account for a large share of the market, do not normally purchase construction services in the market as 75% of apartments are built in house (OECD, 2007). This results in higher building costs than for smaller developers, who procure projects to a much higher extent. Swedish construction sector is not competitive in terms of supply chain as large companies are dominating this segment. Sweden has one of the highest levels of construction costs among EU. Swedish construction regulations regarding input materials as well as a lack of EU certified construction codes are preventing new entries into the industry. Some procurement contracts (source does not indicate which) have requirements that disadvantage foreign companies from investment and acts just like protectionism. Other specific indicators creating high costs in constructions are: high construction service prices (over 8% higher, excluding VAT, than the EU average in 2004), labour costs (matter of high taxes), powerful and very influential construction workers union Byggnads activity in collecting extra charges for non member companies. The civil engineering industry is in hands of big societies which also manufacture key materials such as asphalt and ballast. As the import is limited, other companies have to purchase from the market leaders, and the price of building materials is high compared to many other EU countries (OECD, Sweden: achieving results for sustained growth, 2007) Possible solutions From the data provided by OECD, we can state that Sweden should stress construction sector against culture of cartels. By reducing number of cartels the industry will gain more actors involved into construction procurement procedures and cost efficiency should increase accordingly. Stronger competition within sector could be achieved if smaller companies would act together in order to compete against big firms, but government should encourage such competition through procurement acts. It is obvious that high tax policy has made construction costs far too expensive in Sweden. It might be the barrier which naturally protects industry from foreign investment and keeps Swedish companies busy, but also acts against fair competition. On the 7th of October 2009, Swedish Competition Authoritys (Konkurrensverket) official report stated the construction sector is one example where we observe limited foreign presence in this country (Konkurrensverket, 2009, p. 1). In order to satisfy the demands placed on the construction sector in the future, a number of changes must be made to procurement procedures, all of which point to the need of new forms of co-operation among all the actors. The empirical data shows that the currently used procurement procedures involve: specification by the client, open bid invitations, bid evaluations based on lowest tender price, high contract formalisation through standard contracts, fixed price compensation, low usage of collaborative tools and performance evaluation by the client (Eriksson, 2007). Swedish procurement types are focused on price and authority due to lack of social control. According to conceptual model, trust between construction actors should receive bigger attention. Such procedures as: incentive based compensation, limited bid invitation, bid evaluation based on soft parameters, joint selection of sub contractors and contractor self control have reduced the traditional focus on price and autho rity. Therefore, trust and cooperation appeared to play a key role between partners. The benefit of early subcontractor involvement into procurement procedures proved to be important way of partnering concept.

Nuclear Fusion :: essays research papers

Nuclear Fusion For a fusion reaction to take place, the nuclei, which are positively charged, must have enough kinetic energy to overcome their electrostatic force of repulsion. This can occur either when one nucleus is accelerated to high energies by an accelerating device, or when the energies of both nuclei are raised by the application of very high temperature. The latter method, referred to the application of thermonuclear fusion, is the source of a lot of really cool energy. Enough energy is produced in thermonuclear fusion to suck the paint of 1 city block of houses and give all of the residents permanent orange Afros. The sun is a example of thermonuclear fusion in nature. If I was a atom, I could only wish to be in a thermonuclear reaction. Thermonuclear reactions occur when a proton is accelerated and collides with another proton and then the two protons fuse, forming a deuterium nucleus which has a proton, neutrino and lots of energy. I have no idea what a deuterium nucleus is, but is must be 10 times cooler than just a regular nucleus. Such a reaction is not self sustaining because the released energy is not readily imparted to other nuclei. thermonuclear fusion of deuterium and tritium will produce a helium nucleus and an energetic neutron that can help sustain further fusion. This is the basic principal of the hydrogen bomb which employs a brief, controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction. This was also how the car in the Back to the Future movie worked. It had a much more sophisticated system of producing a fusion reaction from things like, old coffee grounds, bananas, and old beer cans. Thermonuclear reactions depend on high energies, and the possibility of a low-temperature nuclear fusion has generally been discounted. Little does the scientific community know about my experiments. I have produced cold fusion in my basement with things like: stale bread, milk, peanut butter and flat Pepsi. I have been able to produce a ten-megaton reaction which as little as a saltine cracker and some grass clippings. But enough about my discoveries. Early in 1989 two electrochemists startled the scientific world by claiming to achieve a room- temperature fusion in a simple laboratory. They had little proof to back up their discovery, and were not credited with their so-called accomplishment. The two scientists were Stanley Pons of the university of Utah and Martin Fleischmann of the University of Southampton in England. They described their experiment as involving platinum electrodes an electrochemical cell in which palladium and platinum were immersed in heavy water. These two losers said that

Faraday’s Law Essay

The Faraday is the electrical charge contained in a mole of electrons. In this experimented 2 values are determined. One by measuring the amount of charge needed to reduce H+ ions to h2 gas, and the other is as Cu atoms are oxidized to Cu2+ ions. The chemical formula applied during this lab was Cu + 2H+-> Cu+2 + H2. Procedure Cleaned a copper plate in 2M HNO3, weighed it and recorded data. Mixed 100ml distilled water with 50ml of 3M sulfuric acid in a 200ml beaker. Put buret upside down into beaker and placed cathode up inside buret. Connected side aspirator to water aspirator. Set voltage regulator to zero turned power on; voltage was put to 190 amps and started recording the time. Regulated dial to keep current constant until 25ml of hydrogen had filled the buret. Data Calculations 1. Average current during electrolysis = 190 amps 2. Elapsed time in electrolysis (seconds) = 1080 seconds 3. Coulombs transferred in electrolysis = . 1900 x 1080 = 205. 2 coulombs 4. Mass loss of copper anode = 6. 6061g – 6. 5427g = . 0634g 5. Moles of Cu lost = . 0634/63. 54= 9. 98 x 10^-4 moles 6. Moles of e- released by Cu oxidation = 2 x 9. 98 x 10^-4 = . 00200 moles 7. Value of faraday for Cu oxidation = 205. 2/. 00200 = 1. 03 x 10^ -5 coulombs/moles 8. Mercury equivalent of water column = (1. 00g/mol)(337mm)=(H hg) = 24. 8 mm hg 9. Partial pressure of water vapor = 21. 068 (mm Hg) 10. partial pressure of hydrogen gas produced = 762. 5 = 24. 8 + 21. 068 + P h2 P h2 = 716. 6(mm Hg) 11. Moles of H2 formed = (. 943)(25. 3) = N(82. 05)(296) N=9. 8 x 10^-4 moles 12. Moles of e- use top reduce H+ = 2 x 9. 8 x 10^ – 4 = . 00196 moles 13. Value of Faraday of H+ reduction =205. 2/. 00196 = 1. 04 x 10 ^5 (coulombs/moles) Discussion 1. 04 x 10^5 coulombs was the calculated value for electrical charge contained in a mole of electrons. The equation applied for this experiment was Cu + 2H+ -> Cu+2 + H2. The experimental value calculated was 104,000, compared to the accepted value which is 96,500 coulombs/moles; the values are close in range. The percent error was 7. 77%, some possible reasons for error could producing too much or too little h2 in the buret. Another possible error could be not enough Cu+.

The Aztecs essays

The Aztecs essays This paper deals with the Native American people who dominated northern Mexico in the early 16th century; The Aztecs. It presents various aspects of Aztec civilization including society and religion. It illustrates how the belief of a people can influence their way of life and also how they can adapt to their environment to make the best out of it. The Aztecs were a small, nomadic tribal people who originated from a place called Aztlan, somewhere in North West Mexico. During the 12th century, led by their chieftain Tenoch, they begun a period of wandering. Tenoch had a vision; Huitzilopochtli (the war/sun god) told him to lead the people to a swampy island in the middle of lake Texcoco. He was told to look for an eagle perched on a cactus eating a serpent. It was here they were to build their city. In 1325, they founded the city of Tenochtitlan. Tenochtitlan was very hard to build because there was only a small piece of land in the surrounding marshes. The Aztecs made the shallow lake into chinampas. Chinampas were small islands made by piling up plants and black, sticky mud from the lake bottom. The edges of the chinampa were held in place by wooden posts. In addition, they planted trees so the soil would hold together. These chinampas were the foundation of the city. The Aztecs also built causeways and bridges to connect the city to the mainland. There were three types of causeways: one of water alone, others of earth alone, and the third type of water and earth side by side. They moved about between the chinampas and the causeways to the city in canoes that they hallowed out from trees. Almost all the houses had two doors, one opening on the causeway and the other on the water where they kept their canoes. The city had many public squares, which housed the markets and other places of buying and selling. Here all types of merchandise were found including articles of food, jewels of gold,...

Suicide Solution Essays - Suicide, Assisted Suicide, Free Essays

Suicide Solution Essays - Suicide, Assisted Suicide, Free Essays Suicide Solution I'm about to take up a position which is going to be deamed by some, if not all, as a terrible stand to take. As a matter of fact, if anyone were to agree with me on ths subject, I'd be surprsed. For you see, rather than arguing from the postion of suicide being an unjustified and inane way to die, I shall argue the other point. That being suicide does have its merits. Before you people start screaming, hear my case out. Most people argue that nothing justifies the taking of someone's life. Yet what makes life so valuable? Why do people cling to it so? All we consist of is a bunch of carbon atoms, bound together to form an exoskeleton, organs, and tissue. In this light, there really is not much to life. Out of the 5 billion who inhabit the planet, very few of them shall emerge to be true world leaders. The rest will just lead a mediocre life of work and little play. The taking of ones life can be argued from a populistic view as well. It makes little sense to preserve life in an over populated world. True, one less person here on there will not make a large dent. Yet if everyone who attempts or had attempted suicide were not stopped, the impact would be noticed. Another popular argument for stoppers, people who want to prevent suicide, is that nothing can be bad enough. Yet how do they know this? They do not have to put up with the same stuff the suicide victim does everyday. How could they possibly know what the potential suicide victim feels. Just as a severely burned victim may wish to be allowed to die in peace, the suicide victim wishes the same. To die in peace with no argument from others. The argument of look at the people you will hurt also does not hold. Imidiate family members will be the only ones to suffer any great pain. Friends will go on with thier lives and in time forget about the death. Imidiate family too will forget the loss in time. Although it will take most considerably longer for them than it will for friends. Finaly, the argument of suicide being selfish is hard to grasp. Selfish in whose eyes? Certainly not the eyes of the victim. To them, they consider it selfish of others to try and preserve their life. Again, the argument of the stoppers don't know what the victim has to go through. They are not the ones enduring the pain. Religious people also crop up into the debate. Catholics claim that for someone to committ suicide sneds their soul straight to Hell. In many religions, suicide is considered taboo. However why is this so? Why should it be looked upon as disgracefull, when some religions claim death the be the reward for people after their time on earth is done. Suicide is an issue which should be examined at by all angles. Not just from the angle that it is wrong. End of debate. Rather it should be looked at from the point of view that yes for some people, they should be allowed to die in peace.

Impacts of tourism in Thailand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Impacts of tourism in Thailand - Essay Example Most of Southeast Asian countries have been promoting tourism as a major component of their development strategies for a few decades. The efforts are supported by beliefs that tourism generates considerable sources of employment for locals; economic growth; income distribution; foreign exchange earnings; and export receipts. Just like Thai trademark rice export, tourism has become a key contributor to the Thai economy. Importance of tourism for Thai economy can be accessed with the help of data provided by national accounts data and Thailand’s Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) (Wattanakuljarus, 2005, p.3). Wattanakuljarus (2005) states that, â€Å"On average during 1998-2005, Thai tourism directly and indirectly accounts for 13 % of GDP (665 billion baht), 10 % of employment (3 million jobs), 13 % of exports (417 billion baht), 12 % investment (117 billion baht) and 3%of government budget (13 billion baht)† (p.3).Such huge incorporation of tourism related activities cert ainly has impact on Thai society in general and some areas in particular. This paper studies the impact of tourism on Thai economy, environment, agriculture, society, culture, and tradition. The information used throughout the paper is generalisable. All of the information used is taken from authentic sources, such as, journals, academic reports, and books. Most of the data is obtained from libraries, either local or digital. Impacts of Tourism in Thailand Thailand has long pursued its goal of tourism related marketing strategy. The strategy is to boost economy, encourage low, medium, and high cost tourism in all the potential regions of the country. From â€Å"Land of Smiles† promotion slogan and other extensive promotional strategies, Thailand has become the more popular and south-after tourist destination from all over the world (Pfotenhauer and Mingsarn, 1994, p.23).Tourist visit Thailand for variety of reasons, the reasons may not be mutually exclusive because they often combine them when planning for the visit. Some of the most common types of tourism in Thailand include: adventure tourism, cultural tourism, disaster tourism, drug tourism, Eco-tourism, family tourism, food tourism, sex tourism, medical tourism, and sports tourism. Adventure Tourism Traditionally, adventure tourists explore Thailand in search of adventure by climbing mountains; trekking for longer time periods; kayaking; and visiting off-beat places far from conventional areas to visit. A comparatively mild form of adventure tourism is â€Å"soft adventure tourism† that caters people who want to combine some rough experiences but lesser than regular adventure tourists. They prefer to combine visits to important cities and beautiful beaches. Bird watching is also a kind of adventure tourism (Berger, 2007, p.11). Cultural Tourism Cultural tourists are keen to investigate and get information about the cultures, importance, and history of the places they visit. They usually focus on famous cathedrals; historical museum; symphony halls; opera houses; and similar attractions (Berger, 2007, p.11). Disaster Tourism Some tourists prefer visiting the places of disaster of a kind or another. They observe places for knowing what happened; how it affected people and environment there; and how people there are coping with the disaster. They â€Å"participate in history† by experiencing such places throu gh visit. For instance, after December 2004’ tsunami, some tourists packed bags for visiting affected places (Berger, 2007, pp.11-12). Drug Tourism The tourists visit places where they can access drugs easily and without any restriction. They visit Thailand because they can’

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Political Science - Essay Example They are applied equally to all humans without discrimination and hence they are universal in nature and represent a common standard of achievement for all people and nations. When we talk of someone ‘having a right’ or ‘it is their right’, reference is made to human rights. Rights therefore entail entitlement to something and an obligation for someone else to provide it. Governments are obligated with the duty of promoting and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms. If the right is endangered or denied, a person can make special claim on moral, political and social ground. Rights are thus a field of rule governed interactions centered on and under control of right holder (Donnelly, 8). Right holders are therefore not passive beneficiaries of their rights but are actively in control of them. Some rights apply to particular groups of people in order to achieve full humanity such the rights of women, children, disabled and the marginalized but should not contradict with other human rights. Human rights are based on an agreed convention such as universal declaration of human rights which governs claims of human rights and has been ratified by nations to guide their laws and international law. Human rights have become an important feature of contemporary international politics in recent years. Before the Second World War, human rights were a domestic affair. Each nation exercised these rights as it deemed necessary and states were sovereign. No states or international community was allowed to interfere with internal affairs of another nation. During the war, many atrocities were committed against people which made the protection of human rights an international priority (Viotti & Kauppi, 286). Women, children, Jews and homosexuals were murdered by Nazi government. The international community intervened and those responsible were charged for crimes against humanity. Human rights issues were discussed at UN meetings and

Risks and uncertainties in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risks and uncertainties in China - Essay Example Chinas large companies have establishing affiliates overseas and this is having an advantage on China accounting exposure especially when the country is experiencing weaker currency that it’s trading partners. An example is in 1993 when accounting standards of business enterprises was formed after a varying season of Chinese currency. Nevertheless, formation of this does not guarantee the Chinese company an efficient exchange rate. This poses a threat to the companies that are not well established (Delloite, 2005). Chinese GDP keeps on varying as per the graph below. This poses a great threat to local and abroad companies that have started operating in this market. For a business to succeed it need to look at a steady economy as aspects such as inflation might negatively impact on the company financial status. The graph indicate a decreasing economical growth since 2011 therefore, there is need to forecast on the future trends of the economy. Chinese people like consuming local products. Chinese people are so patriotic concerning their consumption behavior. As a result, citizens are highly concerned about the products they consume. In order for the company to penetrate in Chinese market, the product needs to brand their products like those of china. Failure to do so will see the company operate at a loss as its goods will not be consumed (Delloite, 2005).

Students with Exceptional needs Essay Example for Free

Students with Exceptional needs Essay I observed a student with delayed developmental milestones in One Tree School. The student has very slow catching up capacity and according to her teacher she is left behind most of the time by the class. Her teacher ensures that before presenting lectures in class, he make a simplified copy of lecture notes which is given to the student. The teacher assures me that the teaching standards offered to the class are understandable to the student with delayed developmental milestone. In addition the student is given tape recorded material to assist her in re-evaluating the lectures after classes. The class environment is very favourable for this student because there are other three students with exceptional needs in the same class room. The school administration has established policies which ensure that all students with exceptional needs are served well and accorded quality standardized education. Other students in the classroom, who have no exceptional needs have been advised on how to handle, cope with, and assist this student to increase her understanding abilities. I asked to read the child’s Individual Education Plan (IEP) and her teacher was very cooperative. The IEP of this student has been well designed based on her disability and knowledge capacity. It has included all the knowledge and skills which the students need in order to progress to the next grade. The IEP of this student has specifically included her educational program which is English language arts program. The IEP analyzes her current performance in class based on the examination and test results given by teachers, parents and other school staff. According to the individual education plan her disability has not affected her class work much because she is a bright student who is willing to learn. The IEP shows the annual goals and objectives which she is required to accomplish in terms of academic or behavioral needs. She has made measuring progress in her previous grades according to the achieved objectives. All special education services are included in the IEP and provided to the child. However, she is not allowed to participate in academic contests which involve arithmetic and geometry studies. She picks up very slowly both academically and socially. She has difficulty catching up with teachers in class especially when the presentation is very fast. She has a problem in finishing her class work assignments on time due to a slow speed of understanding. The student experiences difficulty in socializing and making friends with classmates and schoolmates. She spends most time in isolation and has developed low self esteem and lack of confidence. Teachers and the girl’s parents have collaborated to initiate measures which ensure the student’s needs are met. The girl is given extra tutoring after school and assessed using individual tests to update her academic level. Support groups are put up in place in the school to assist her in developing social and interpersonal skills. I would change the instructional delivery system by ensuring that the child is allowed to participate in challenging events such as geometry contests and taking arithmetic assignments to improve her overall understanding level. This will increase her self esteem and level of confidence. It will allow her to adapt in any kind of environment, despite her delayed developmental milestones. The student should be widely consulted and assessed to create instructions that will be effective in providing all required knowledge and skills. Grade Four English-language Arts Content Standards. Reading 1. 0 Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development Students understand the basic features of reading. They select letter patterns and know how to translate them into spoken language by using phonics, syllabication, and word parts. They apply this knowledge to achieve fluent oral and silent reading. Word Recognition 1. 1 Read narrative and expository text aloud with grade-appropriate fluency and accuracy and with appropriate pacing, intonation, and expression. Vocabulary and Concept Development 1. 2 Apply knowledge of word origins, derivations, synonyms, antonyms, and idioms to determine the meaning of words and phrases. 1. 3 Use knowledge of root words to determine the meaning of unknown words within a passage. 1. 4 Know common roots and affixes derived from Greek and Latin and use this knowledge to analyze the meaning of complex words (e. g. , international). 1. 5 Use a thesaurus to determine related words and concepts. 1. 6 Distinguish and interpret words with multiple meanings.

Teaching The Confessions of St. Augustine Essay -- The Confessions of

Teaching The Confessions of St. Augustine ABSTRACT: Augustine's passionate and immensely personal account of his conversion has enthralled readers for centuries. Unfortunately, the passion and personal nature of the writing can stand as a barrier to comprehension, especially when the text is taught at the undergraduate level. Add to this the fact that the work has the character of one long and substained prayer to God, contains many passages that are tediously introspective, and refers to a time and place that are foreign to today's undergraduates, the task of helping students to understand and appreciate the work is daunting, to say the least. Augustine's very passionate and immensely personal account of his conversion has enthralled readers for centuries. Unfortunately, it is also the very passionate and personal nature of the writing that can stand as a barrier to comprehension, especially when the text is taught at the undergraduate level. Add to this the fact that the work has the character of one long, sustained prayer addressed to God, it contains many passages that are tediously introspective, it refers to a time and place that are foreign to today's undergraduates, and the task of helping students to understand and appreciate the work is, to say the least, daunting. But the Confessions, like all great literary masterpieces, is ultimately accessible, although special effort may have to be made to make it so for the student. One method of approaching the text that has been very helpful for my students has been to explore the text in terms of theme and pattern. It is this method about which I will speak in this paper. I shall speak first of theme, and return later to pattern. There is no doubt in Augustine's m... ...on, and the individuals who at every stage helped him to overcome those obstacles. I have further suggested that one theme that comes readily to the fore when the first eight books of the Confessions are analyzed in this way is Augustine's belief that God's work is accomplished in our lives through the agency of others. This approach is used with a primarily undergraduate audience in mind, thus many of Augustine's more subtle psychological and theological teachings from these books are not given emphasis. However, this approach does provide students with a way into the text that is intelligible and manageable. It can only be hoped that in subsequent readings, our students will be able to appreciate some of the other riches that await them therein. Bibliography Augustine. The Confessions of St. Augustine. Trans. John K. Ryan. Garden City: Image-Doubleday, 1960.

In the Game of Life, There are No Continues Essay -- Argumentative Per

In the Game of Life, There are No Continues It was July when Charles Whitman, who was 24, killed both his wife and mother. He then took a â€Å"footlocker full of ammunition, shotguns, rifles, Spam sandwiches and water† to a clock tower at the University of Texas. In the next hour and half, he shot 46 people, killing 16 of them before finally being shot to death by police. Charles Starkweather was 19 when he led Caril Fugate, 14, on a â€Å"weeklong killing spree across Nebraska and Wyoming in which 11 people were shot, stabbed, and strangled to death.† Before this, however, Caril had shot her mother to death with a shotgun for threatening Charles (Lovinger 18,19). Are these the newest acts in a seemingly endless rash of teen violence? Were these teens influenced to kill by Marilyn Manson, violent video games, or R rated movies? The answer is a sound â€Å"No!† These acts occurred before the advent of violent media. According to Lovinger, Whitman killed all those people in the summer of 1966, while the killing spree of Starkweather and Fugate happened during the year of 1958 (18). Violence has always been among the population. Violent video games do not encourage nor induce our kids to commit acts of brutality. People have been killing each other since the dawn of time. Society cannot use violent video games as a scapegoat for its ills. Violent video games do not cause violent behavior in today’s youth, contrary to popular belief. One of the biggest arguments against the selling and creating of violent video games is that kids are not able to distinguish between fantasy and reality, that by picking up a fake gun and shooting at pixels and animation that flies across the screen, the game is teaching kids to k... ...lt;http://proquest.umi.com/>. â€Å"Press Start.† Electronic Gaming Monthly May 2001: 36 Quittner, Joshua. â€Å"Are Video Games Really So Bad?† Time 10 May 1999: 50-59. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . Sandberg, Jared. â€Å"The Gamer: An Increasing Number of Teens Spend Their Days Pulverizing Each Other with Computerized Instruments of Destruction.† Wall Street Journal 8 Dec. 1997: R4. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . â€Å"The Surgeon General’s Report.† Computer Gaming World May 2001: 30. Van Horn, Royal. â€Å"Violence and Video Games.† Phi Delta Kappan Oct. 1999: 173-174. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . In the Game of Life, There are No Continues Essay -- Argumentative Per In the Game of Life, There are No Continues It was July when Charles Whitman, who was 24, killed both his wife and mother. He then took a â€Å"footlocker full of ammunition, shotguns, rifles, Spam sandwiches and water† to a clock tower at the University of Texas. In the next hour and half, he shot 46 people, killing 16 of them before finally being shot to death by police. Charles Starkweather was 19 when he led Caril Fugate, 14, on a â€Å"weeklong killing spree across Nebraska and Wyoming in which 11 people were shot, stabbed, and strangled to death.† Before this, however, Caril had shot her mother to death with a shotgun for threatening Charles (Lovinger 18,19). Are these the newest acts in a seemingly endless rash of teen violence? Were these teens influenced to kill by Marilyn Manson, violent video games, or R rated movies? The answer is a sound â€Å"No!† These acts occurred before the advent of violent media. According to Lovinger, Whitman killed all those people in the summer of 1966, while the killing spree of Starkweather and Fugate happened during the year of 1958 (18). Violence has always been among the population. Violent video games do not encourage nor induce our kids to commit acts of brutality. People have been killing each other since the dawn of time. Society cannot use violent video games as a scapegoat for its ills. Violent video games do not cause violent behavior in today’s youth, contrary to popular belief. One of the biggest arguments against the selling and creating of violent video games is that kids are not able to distinguish between fantasy and reality, that by picking up a fake gun and shooting at pixels and animation that flies across the screen, the game is teaching kids to k... ...lt;http://proquest.umi.com/>. â€Å"Press Start.† Electronic Gaming Monthly May 2001: 36 Quittner, Joshua. â€Å"Are Video Games Really So Bad?† Time 10 May 1999: 50-59. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . Sandberg, Jared. â€Å"The Gamer: An Increasing Number of Teens Spend Their Days Pulverizing Each Other with Computerized Instruments of Destruction.† Wall Street Journal 8 Dec. 1997: R4. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 . â€Å"The Surgeon General’s Report.† Computer Gaming World May 2001: 30. Van Horn, Royal. â€Å"Violence and Video Games.† Phi Delta Kappan Oct. 1999: 173-174. ProQuest Direct. ProQuest. J.D. Messick Learning Resource Center, Tulsa. 26 March 2001 .

Should Human Cloning Be Permitted

In her article â€Å"Should Human Cloning Be Permitted? ,† Patricia Braid (2000) argues against human cloning. Human cloning is a new type of reproduction, specifically asexual reproduction. With this new technology, people have a choice instead of just a chance to have a biological child. Human cloning is rejected by the majority of people from different countries because most are not scientists and don't have a deep understanding of it. People can however, make judgments about complex issues.There are advantages for those that agree with cloning humans because of personal reasons, such as an infertile couple wanting a child of their own, lesbian or gay couples that want to make a family, or a couple wanting to save a dying child. She states that â€Å"[in] these scenarios, there are other options available to form a family' (Paragraph 4). For the cloned humans, she emphasizes on the possible physical and psychological harm that can occur to them.Patricia Braid questions the risks ND dangers of cloning humans in the future because it not only impacts people that choose to use it but also for society and future generations. She describes cloning as creating a product, not a human and says that it will change the way we think of children that have been cloned. Cloning could become marketable, change laws and most importantly, people may be able to control human evolution. In her conclusion, she accentuates the significance of it being a collective decision on whether or not human cloning should be permitted.

Free Essays on Environmental Pollution

The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution is an independent standing body established in 1970 to advise the Queen, the Government, Parliament and the public on environmental issues. About the RCEP outlines the Commission’s history, how it interprets ‘pollution’, how it selects topics for study and how its work is conducted. The Commission’s advice is mainly in the form of reports which are the outcome of major studies. The current study is investigating the long-term effects of chemicals in the environment. The following study, investigating the environmental effects of marine fisheries, was announced in June 2002, and a limited study into environmental effects of air transport began in July 2002. The Environmental Planning report was launched in March 2002. In June 2000, the Commission published its report on energy and the environment (Energy - The Changing Environment). Occasional news releases or statements are issued on matters the Commission considers specially important or which arise out of its studies. Commission Members are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. Following the Commission's monthly meetings, the Meeting Minutes are published. A full-time Secretariat supports the Commission’s activities - see Contacting us. The discussion area is for comments on the new Chemicals Study - please look inside and add your views. Site development is ongoing; check What’s new for the latest additions.... Free Essays on Environmental Pollution Free Essays on Environmental Pollution The Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution is an independent standing body established in 1970 to advise the Queen, the Government, Parliament and the public on environmental issues. About the RCEP outlines the Commission’s history, how it interprets ‘pollution’, how it selects topics for study and how its work is conducted. The Commission’s advice is mainly in the form of reports which are the outcome of major studies. The current study is investigating the long-term effects of chemicals in the environment. The following study, investigating the environmental effects of marine fisheries, was announced in June 2002, and a limited study into environmental effects of air transport began in July 2002. The Environmental Planning report was launched in March 2002. In June 2000, the Commission published its report on energy and the environment (Energy - The Changing Environment). Occasional news releases or statements are issued on matters the Commission considers specially important or which arise out of its studies. Commission Members are appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister. Following the Commission's monthly meetings, the Meeting Minutes are published. A full-time Secretariat supports the Commission’s activities - see Contacting us. The discussion area is for comments on the new Chemicals Study - please look inside and add your views. Site development is ongoing; check What’s new for the latest additions....

Free Essays on Stand Waties Confederate Indians

The Confederate Indians The American civil war was a dark chapter in America ¡Ã‚ ¦s history. It was a fight for African-American freedom in a supposedly  ¡Ã‚ §free county ¡Ã‚ ¨. Contrary to many people ¡Ã‚ ¦s beliefs, our civil war wasn ¡Ã‚ ¦t fought by the white and black Union army and the all white Confederate army. The confederates had an Indian General who also happened to be a Cherokee chief. His name was General Stand Watie. He sided with the south ¡Ã‚ ¦s cause even though it was the south who drove them from their land. General Watie and his tribesmen were very loyal to the confederate ¡Ã‚ ¦s cause. Cherokee Indian chief Stand Watie became a Confederate general officer with his Cherokee tribesmen following him from Wilson's Creek, Missouri, to the end of the war in the West. A majority of his tribe blamed him and his faction for the removal of the Cherokees along what would later be referred to as  ¡Ã‚ §The Trail of Tears ¡Ã‚ ¨. General Watie was an aristocratic, slaveholding planter and Cherokee mixed bloods. Chief Watie and the civilized tribes of Indian territory sided with the same South that had expelled them from their ancestral homelands less than 30 years before is a fascinating study in human nature. Rather than blame Southerners, the Indians directed their animosity toward the Federal government, whose intrusion was as much a continued threat in their lives as it was to Confederate states' rights. The Confederacy's inability to properly support the Five Civilized Tribes caused major dilemmas for the loyal Cherokees. Already poor in resources, the Indians often went to battle without adequate weapons, hoping to obtain battlefield residue. Watie's Indians loyally supported secession until the end, even though they were ill supplied. Unfortunately, the Indians were not only on the losing side, they were still Indians. Post-war Federal policies treated them doubly harsh. A gentleman-soldier of great character, Watie stuck by his co... Free Essays on Stand Watie's Confederate Indians Free Essays on Stand Watie's Confederate Indians The Confederate Indians The American civil war was a dark chapter in America ¡Ã‚ ¦s history. It was a fight for African-American freedom in a supposedly  ¡Ã‚ §free county ¡Ã‚ ¨. Contrary to many people ¡Ã‚ ¦s beliefs, our civil war wasn ¡Ã‚ ¦t fought by the white and black Union army and the all white Confederate army. The confederates had an Indian General who also happened to be a Cherokee chief. His name was General Stand Watie. He sided with the south ¡Ã‚ ¦s cause even though it was the south who drove them from their land. General Watie and his tribesmen were very loyal to the confederate ¡Ã‚ ¦s cause. Cherokee Indian chief Stand Watie became a Confederate general officer with his Cherokee tribesmen following him from Wilson's Creek, Missouri, to the end of the war in the West. A majority of his tribe blamed him and his faction for the removal of the Cherokees along what would later be referred to as  ¡Ã‚ §The Trail of Tears ¡Ã‚ ¨. General Watie was an aristocratic, slaveholding planter and Cherokee mixed bloods. Chief Watie and the civilized tribes of Indian territory sided with the same South that had expelled them from their ancestral homelands less than 30 years before is a fascinating study in human nature. Rather than blame Southerners, the Indians directed their animosity toward the Federal government, whose intrusion was as much a continued threat in their lives as it was to Confederate states' rights. The Confederacy's inability to properly support the Five Civilized Tribes caused major dilemmas for the loyal Cherokees. Already poor in resources, the Indians often went to battle without adequate weapons, hoping to obtain battlefield residue. Watie's Indians loyally supported secession until the end, even though they were ill supplied. Unfortunately, the Indians were not only on the losing side, they were still Indians. Post-war Federal policies treated them doubly harsh. A gentleman-soldier of great character, Watie stuck by his co...

Basic Information About Adult Education

Basic Information About Adult Education With so  many adults  returning to the classroom, the term adult education has taken on new meanings. Adult education, in the broadest sense, is any form of learning adults engage in beyond traditional schooling that ends in their 20s. In the narrowest sense, adult education is about literacy- adults learning to read the most basic materials. Thus, adult education encompasses everything from basic literacy to personal fulfillment as a lifelong learner and the attainment of advanced degrees. Andragogy and Pedagogy Andragogy is defined as the art and science of helping adults learn. Its distinguished from pedagogy,  the school-based education  traditionally used for children. Education for adults has a different focus, based on the fact that adults are: More self-directed and require less guidanceMature and bring more experience to the task of learningReady to learn and primed to learn what they need to knowMore oriented to learning that is problem-centered rather than subject-centeredMore internally motivated to learn Functional Literacy One of the primary goals of adult education is functional literacy. Organizations like the U.S. Department of Education and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) work tirelessly to measure, understand, and address adult illiteracy in the U.S. and around the world. Only through adult education can we address the real problems of society- like power sharing, wealth creation, gender and health issues. said Adama Ouane, director of the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. The programs of the Division of Adult Education and Literacy (part of the U.S. Department of Education) focus on addressing basic skills such as reading, writing, math, English language competency, and problem-solving. The goal is for American adults get the basic skills they need to be productive workers, family members, and citizens. Adult Basic Education In the U.S., each state is responsible for addressing the basic education of their citizens. Official state websites direct people to classes, programs, and organizations designed to teach adults how to read prose, documents like maps and catalogs, and how to make simple computations. Getting a GED Adults who complete basic adult education have the opportunity to earn the equivalent of a high school diploma by taking the General Educational Development, or GED, test. The test, available to citizens who have not graduated from high school, gives them the chance to demonstrate the level of achievement normally achieved by completing a course of study in high school. GED prep resources abound online and in classrooms around the country, designed to help students prepare for the five-part exam. The GED comprehensive exams cover writing, science, social studies, math, arts and interpreting literature. Adult Education and Continuing Education Adult education is synonymous with continuing education. The world of lifelong learning is wide open and covers a variety of circumstances including: Going to college for the first time after age 25Returning to college to finish a degreeWorking toward a graduate degreeLearning a technical skillEarning CEUs for professional certificationTaking classes at your local community center for the sheer fun of it

WAWAP18 International Human Resource Management Essay

WAWAP18 International Human Resource Management - Essay Example In the context of this research, national culture shall be considered to be the collective set of customs, beliefs, behaviours and norms that distinguish the populations of different sovereign nations. On the other hand, HRM will be considered to be the organisational function that is designed to maximise the performance of human resources (employees) in accordance with the organisational strategic objectives. Culture generally has a significant and considerable impact on the approaches organisations use to manage their employee. For example, British management theories will generally mirror the British background in which they were designed. Ideally, this means that it may not be possible to separate British management from British culture. However, HRM, among all other management practices, appears to be the most influenced and affected by cultural differences (Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner, 2004). Essentially, cultural differences will have significant implications on the design of HRM strategies and how appropriate they will be. The typical work environment is characterised by business (organisational) goals. However, in international HRM, cultural differences give rise to divergent preferences and perceptions that consequently shape general organisational behaviour such as management style and decision making, work motivation, performance appraisal, rewarding, communications, work ori entation and definition of objectives (Milikic, 2009). Further, apart from organisational culture, national culture will impact on HRM practices such as staffing, career development, management and compensation. Nations may differ in many significant aspects such as the educational characteristics of the labour force and regulatory and institutional environments, but cultural differences and especially cultural values shape HRM